Federal Artillery structure within the organization of the Army of the Cumberland
December 26-31, 1862, January 1-5, 1863

Colonel James Barnett, chief of artillery and ordnance
Captain Jeremiah Howard Gilman, inspector of artillery

RIGHT WING
Major Charles S. Cotter, chief of artillery
11 6-pdr. James rifled guns, 17 6-pdr. Model 1844 smoothbore guns,
8 10-pdr. Parrott rifled guns, 4 12-pdr. Model 1857 smoothbore Napoleons
Total 40 guns in 9 batteries

FIRST DIVISION
Captain Oscar F. Pinney, chief of artillery
1st Brigade- 5th Wisconsin
2nd Brigade- 2nd Minnesota
3rd Brigade- 8th Wisconsin

SECOND DIVISION
Captain Warren Parker Edgerton, chief of artillery
1st Brigade- Battery A, 1st Ohio
2nd Brigade- Battery E, 1st Ohio
3rd Brigade- 5th Indiana

THIRD DIVISION
Captain Asahel Kidder Bush, chief of artillery
1st Brigade- 4th Indiana
2nd Brigade- Battery G, 1st Missouri
3rd Brigade- Battery C, 1st Illinois

CENTER CORPS
Captain Oscar Addison Mack, chief of artillery
4 6-pdr. James rifled guns, 3 6-pdr. Model 1844 smoothbore guns,
4 12-pdr. Model 1841 smoothbore howitzers, 12 10-pdr. Parrott rifled guns,
2 6-pdr. Wiard rifled guns, 2 12-pdr. Wiard rifled guns
Total 27 guns in 6 batteries

FIRST DIVISION
Colonel Cyrus Orlando Loomis, chief of artillery
1st Brigade- none
2nd Brigade- 1st Michigan
3rd Brigade- 1st Kentucky
4th Brigade- Battery H, 5th U.S.

SECOND DIVISION
Captain Frederick Schultz, chief of artillery
1st Brigade- not present
2nd Brigade- Battery G, 1st Ohio
2nd Brigade- Battery M, 1st Kentucky (attached)
3rd Brigade- Battery M, 1st Ohio

LEFT WING
Captain John Mendenhall, chief of artillery
6 6-pdr. James rifled guns, 12 6-pdr. Model 1844 smoothbore guns,
10 12-pdr. Model 1841 smoothbore howitzers, 16 10-pdr. Parrott rifled guns,
4 3 inch Rodman guns
Total 48 guns in 10 batteries

FIRST DIVISION
Major Seymour Race, chief of artillery
Artillery not attached to brigades
10th Indiana
8th Indiana
6th Ohio

SECOND DIVISION
Captain William E. Standart, chief of artillery
Battery B, 1st Ohio
Battery F, 1st Ohio
Battery H, 4th U.S.
Battery M, 4th U.S.

THIRD DIVISION
Captain George R. Swallow, chief of artillery
7th Indiana
3rd Wisconsin
26th Pennsylvania

PIONEER BRIGADE
Captain James H. Stokes, chief of artillery
2 6-pdr. James rifled guns, 4 6-pdr. Model 1844 smoothbore guns
Chicago Board of Trade Battery

CAVALRY DIVISION
Battery D, 1st Ohio
2 3-inch Rodman rifled guns

Organization of Artillery of the Army of the Potomac, commanded by Major
General Joseph Hooker, May 1-6, 1863.

COMMAND OF THE PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL
Maryland Light Artillery, Battery B, Captain Alonzo Snow.
Ohio Light Artillery, 12th Battery, Captain Aaron C. Johnson.

ARTILLERY.
Brigadier General HENRY J. HUNT,
Chief of Artillery.

ARTILLERY RESERVE.
Brigadier General ROBERT O. TYLER
1st Connecticut Heavy, Battery B, Lieutenant Albert F. Brooker.
1st Connecticut Heavy, Battery M. Captain Franklin A. Pratt.
New York Light, 5th Battery, Captain Elijah D. Taft.
New York Light, 15th Battery, Captain Patrick Hart.
New York Light, 29th Battery, Lieutenant Gustav von Blucher.
New York Light, 30th Battery, Captain Adolph Voegelee.
New York Light, 32th Battery, Lieutenant George Gaston.
1st United States, Battery K, Lieutenant Lorenzo Thomas, jr.
3rd United States, Battery C, Lieutenant Henry Meinell.
4th United States, Battery G, Lieutenant Marcus P. Miller.
5th United States, Battery K, Lieutenant David H. Kinzie.
32nd Massachusetts Infantry, Company C, Captain Josiah C. Fuller.

FIRST ARMY CORPS
Artillery.
New hampshire Light, 1st Battery, Captain Frederick M. Edgell.
1st New York Light, Battery L, Captain John A. Reynolds.
4th United States, Battery B, Lieutenant James Stewart.
Maine Light, 2nd Battery (B), Captain James A. Hall.
Maine Light, 5th Battery (E):Captain George F. Leppien.
Lieutenant Edmund Kirby.Lieutenant Greenleaf T. Stevens.
Pennsylvania Light, Battery C, Captain James Thompson.
5th United States, Battery C, Captain Dunbar R. Ransom.
1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery B, Captain James H. Cooper.
1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery F, Lieutenant R. Bruce Ricketts.
1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery G, Captain Frank P. Amsden.

SECOND ARMY CORPS
Artillery.
1st New York Light, Battery B, Captain Rufus D. Pettit.
4th United States, Battery C, Lieutenant Evan Thomas.
1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A, Captain William A. Arnold.
1st Rhode Island Light, Battery B, Lieutenant T. Fred. Brown.
1st New York Light, Battery G, Lieutenant Nelson Ames.
1st Rhode Island Light, Battery G, Captain George W. Adams.

RESERVE ARTILLERY.
1st United States, Battery I, Lieutenant Edmund Kirby.
4th United States, Battery A, Lieutenant Alonzo H. Cushing.

THIRD ARMY CORPS
Artillery.
New Jersey Light, Battery B, Lieutenant Robert Sims.
1st Rhode Island Light, Battery E, Lieutenant Pardon S. Jastram.
3rd United States, Batteriess F and K, Lieutenant John G. Turnbull.
1st New York Light, Battery D, Lieutenant George B. Winslow.
New York Light, 4th Battery:Lieut George F. Barstow.Lieut William T. McLean.
1st United States, Battery H:Lieut Justin E. Dimick.Lieut James A. Sanderson.
4th United States, Battery K, Lieutenant Francis W. Seeley.
New York Light, 10th Battery, Lieutenant Samuel Lewis.
New York Light, 11th Battery, Lieutenant John E. Burton.
1st Ohio Light, Battery H, Captain James F. Huntington.

FIFTH ARMY CORPS
Artillery.
Massachusetts Light, 3rd Battery (C), Captain Augustus P. Martin.
Massachusetts Light, 5th Battery (E), Captain Charles A. Phillips.
1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C. Captain Richard Waterman.
5th United States, Battery D, Lieutenant Charles E. Hazlett.
1st Ohio Light, Battery L, Captain Frank C. Gibbs.
5th United States, Battery I, Lieutenant Malbone F. Watson.
1st New York Light, Battery C, Captain Almont Barnes.
1st United States, Batteries E and G, Captain Alanson M. Randol.

SIXTH ARMY CORPS
Artillery.
Massachusetts Light, 1st Battery (A), Captain William H. McCartney.
New Jersey Light, Battery A, Lieutenant Augustin N. Parsons.
Maryland Light, Battery A, Captain James H. Rigby.
2nd United States, Battery D, Lieutenant Edward B. Williston.
New York Light, 1st Battery, Captain Andrew Cowan.
5th United States, Battery F. Lieutenant Leonard Martin.
1st Pennsylvania Light, Batteries C and D, Captain Jeremiah McCarthy.
2nd United States, Battery G. Lieutenant John H. Butler.
New York Light Artillery, 3rd Battery, Lieutenant William A. Harn.

ELEVENTH ARMY CORPS.
Artillery.
New York Light, 13th Battery, Captain Julius Dieckmann.
1st New York Light, Battery 1, Captain Michael Wiedrich.
1st Ohio Light, Battery I, Captain Hubert Dilger.

RESERVE ARTILLERY.
New York Light, 2nd Battery, Captain Hermann Jahn.
1st Ohio Light, Battery K, Captain William L. DeBeck.
1st West Virginia Light, Battery C, Captain Wallace Hill.

TWELFTH ARMY CORPS.
Artillery.
1st New York Light, Battery K, Liaut. Edward L. Bailey.
1st New York Light, Battery M:Lieut Charles E. Winegar. Lieut John D. Woodbury.
4th United States, Battery F:Lieut Franklin B, Crosby. Lieut Edward D. Muhlenberg.
Pennsylvania Light, Battery E:Lieut Charles A. Atwell. Lieut James D. McGill.
Pennsylvania Light, Battery F:Captain Robert B. Hampton. Lieut James P. Fleming.

CAVALRY CORPS
New York Light, 6th Battery, Lieutenant Joseph W. Martin.
2nd United States, Battery A, Captain John C. Tidball.

REGULAR RESERVE CAVALRY BRIGADE.
2nd United States, Batteries B and L, Lieutenant Albert O. Vincent.
2nd United States, Battery M, Lieutenant Robert Clarke.
4th United States, Battery E, Lieutenant Samuel S. Elder.

SPECIAL ORDERS, } HDQRS. DEFENSES OF WASHINGTON,
Numbers 12. } January 14 1863.

4. Brigadier General R. O. Tyler, commanding artillery brigade, will
immediately assume command of Fort Lyon and its dependencies in addition to his
present command.

By command of Major-General Heintzelman:
CARROLL H. POTTER,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

GENERAL ORDERS, } WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJT.General 'S OFFICE,
No.20.} Washington,D.C., January 25,1863.

I.The President of the United States has directed:

1st. That Major General A.E.Burnside, at his own request, be relieved from the
command of the Army of the Potomac.
2d. That Major General E.V.Sumner, at his own request, be relieved from duty in
the Army of the Potomac.
3d. That Major General W.B.Franklin be relieved from duty in the Army of the
Potomac.
4th That Major General J.Hooker be assigned to the command of the Army of the
Potomac.

II. The officers relieved as above will report in person to the
Adjutant-General of the Army.

By order of the Secretary of War:
E.D.TOWNSEND,

GENERAL ORDERS,} WAR DEPT., ADJT., GENERAL'S OFFICE,
Numbers 45.} Washington, February 16, 1863.

Regulations for the care of the Field-Works, and the Government of their
Garrisons.

1. It will be the duty of the commanding officer of each work to provide for
the care of the armament, and the safety and serviceable condition of the
magazines, ammunition, implements, and equipments, and by frequent personal
inspections, to secure the observance of the rules prescribed for this purpose.

2. The fixed armament, consisting of the heavy guns, and those whose positions
are prescribed, will be numbered in a regular series, commencing with the first
gun on the right, as you enter, of the main gate. The ammunition will be kept
in the magazines, with the exception of a few stand of grape, canister, and the
solid shot, which will be piled near guns.

3. The gun carriages will be kept clean; they will be traversed daily, and
never be allowed to rest for two successive days on the same part of the
traverse circle. If the gun carriage does not move easily on the chassis, the
tongue will be occasionally greased. The gun carriage should not rest
habitually on one part of the chasis.

4. The elevating screw and its box will be kept clean and well greased. When
the guns are not in use the screw will be run down as far as it will go, the
breech of the piece being raised until the muzzle is sufficintly depressed to
prevent water running into it, and kept in that position by a wooden quoin or
block. The tompion to be kept in the muzzle, and the apron over the vent.

5. The piece is not to be kept loaded. It will be time to load when the enemy
appears, or when special orders to load are given.

6. The commanding officer will see that a shed is constructed for the
implements and equipments. For each drill these will be issued to the gunners
by the ordnance-sergeant or other non- commissioned officer acting as such, who
will receive and put them away after the drill is over, and be at all time
responsible to the commanding officer for their safety, and that the supply is
adequate. Until sheds are provided, the implements will be kept near the
pieces. The equipments (haversacks, tube pouch, &c.) may be kept at the
entrance of the magazine, where they will be sheltered. Platforms for
projectiles will be laid near the guns; for canisters a couple of pieces of
scantling for skids will answer. A watershed, made by joining two boards
together at the edges, should be placed over them. When the wooden sabots get
wet they and burst the canisters, so that they cannot be put into the gun. When
this happens, dry the canister until the block shrinks sufficiently, and tack
the canister edges together.

7. When not furnished by the Engineer Department, materials for constructing
the sheds and for skidding will be furnished on requisitions made to the chief
of artillery.

8. The magazines must in dry weather be frequently aired. For this purpose the
ventilators and doors will be opened after 9 a. m., and must be closed, at
latest, two hours before sunset. The ammunition for different classes of guns
will be carefully assorted, and the shelves, boxes, or barrels containing each
kind plainly marked. When there is more than one magazine the ammunition will
be so distributed as to be nearest to the particular guns from which it is to
be used. Cartridges must be moved and, if necessary, rolled once a week, to
prevent caking of the powder. Friction-primers will be carefully dried in the
sun once a week, and always after a day"s or night"s rain. At least two
lanyards for each gun will be kept in store. As soon as received, their hooks
will be tested, to see if they are sufficintly small to enter the eye of the
primer and yet strong enough for use.

9. No person will be allowed to enter the magazines except on duty, and then
every precaution against accidents will be taken. Lights must always be in
glass lanters, and carried only by the person in charge of the magazine.
Swords, pistols, canes, &c., will not be admitted, no matter what may be the
rank of the person carrying them. Socks or moccasins will be worn, if they can
be procured. No fire nor smoking will be allowed in the vicinity when the doors
or ventilators are open. Too much pains cannot possibly be taken to avoid the
chances of an explosion.

10. Companies will be assigned to guns in such proportions as will furnish at
least two, preferably three, reliefs in working from the magazines. From
fifteen to twenty men should therefore be assigned to each gun, and instructed
in its use. Companies should habitually serve the same guns, each man being
assigned a special number at the gun, and thoroughly instructed in all its
duties, and, as occasion offers, in the duties of all the numbers. Every night,
at retreats or tattoo, the men who are to man the guns in case of a night
attack should be paraded at their pieces and inspected, to see that all their
equipments, implements, and ammunition are good order, and the gun in
serviceable condition and easy working order. The men so stationed should "call
off" their numbers before being dismissed, and in case of alarm repair at once
to their posts, equip themselves, and await orders.

11. Each gun should be under charge of a non-commissioned officer, and every
two or three guns under a lieutenant, who will be responsible to the captain
for their serviceable condition at all times. The captain will be responsible
to the commanding officer for the condition of the pieces and the instruction
of the men of his company. Artillery drills will be frequent until all the men
are well instructed, and there will never be less one artillery drill a day
when the weather will permit. For action, all the cannoneers not actually
serving the guns will be provided with muskets, and will be stationed next the
guns to which they belong.

12. Each company should be supplied with three copies of the Tactics for Heavy
Artillery, and rigidly adhere to its directions. Tables of ranges will be found
in the work. One copy of Instructions for Field Artillery should be supplied
each company. They can be obtained on written application to the chief of
artillery, who will obtain them from the Adjutant-General of the Army. The
books so drawn are the property of the United States for the use of the
company; they will be borne on the muster-rolls.

13. The commanding officer will make himself acquainted with the approaches to
his work, the distance to each prominent point commanded by his guns, the
nature of the ground between them and his post, and the most probable points of
attack upon it.

Tables of ranges or distances for each point, and the corresponding elevations
in each case, according to the nature of the projectile, with the proper length
or time of the fuse when shell or case-shot are used, will be made out for each
gun, and furnished to the officer and noncommissioned officers serving it. As
these differ for different kinds of gun, the same men should be permanently
assigned to the same piece.

14. The projectiles should be used in their proper order. At a distance, solid
shot; then shells or case-shot, especially if firing at troops in line.
Canister or grape is only for use at short ranges. When columns are
approaching, so that they can be taken in direction of their length, or very
obliquely, solid shot is generally the best projectile, because of its greater
accuracy and penetrating power. If the column consists of cavalry, some shells
or case-shot will be useful from the disorder their bursting among the horses.
As to the absolute distance at which the projectiles must be used, they vary
with the description and caliber of the guy, and can only be ascertained by
consulting the tables of ranges. The prominent parts on the approaches to the
works should be designated, their distances noted, and directions drawn up for
the different kinds of ammunition to be used at each gun when the enemy reaches
them. During the drills the attention of the chiefs of pieces and gunners
should frequently be drawn to this subject.

15. Commanding officers will pay special attention to the police and
preservation of the works. All filth will be promptly removed and the drainage
be particularly attended to. No one should be allowed to walk on the parapets,
nor move or sit upon the gabions, barrels, or sand-bags that may be placed upon
them. When injuries occur to the earth-works, they should be repaired as
quickly as possible by the garrison of the work. If of a serious nature, they
should at once be reported to the engineer officer in charge of the work. All
injuries to the magazines or platforms of the guns will be promptly reported as
soon as observed.

16. Special written instructions as to the supply of ammunition at the
different posts, and the proportion for the different classes of guns, will be
furnished by the chief of artillery to the commanders of posts at the earliest
period practicable. Instructions will also be furnished as to the special
objects of each work.

17. No person not connected with the garrisons of the field-works will be
allowed signed them excent such as visit them on duty, or who have passes
signed by competent authority; nor will any person, except commissioned
officer, or those whose duty requires them to do so, be allowed to enter the
magazine or touch the guns, their implements, or equipments.

18. The garrison can greatly improve the work by sodding the superior (upper)
slope of the parapet, and also the exterior or outer slope, or by sowing grass
seed on the superior slope, first covering it with suface soil. The
grass-covered or sodded portions of the parapets, traverses, magazines, &c.,
should be occasionally watered in dry weather and the grass kept closely cut.

19. As a great deal of powder is wasted in unnecessary salutes, attention is called
to paragraph 268 of the Army Regulations, edition of 1861.

Paragraph 268. A general officer will be saluted but once in a year at each
post, and only when notice of his intention to visit the post has been given.

20. The practice of building fires on the open parades for cooking and other
purposes is prohibited, as it endangers the magazines.

21. The armament of a fort having been once established will not be changed
except by authority of the commander of the district, geographical department,
or army corps.

22. The machinery of the Whitworth guns will not be used except by special
orders from the commanding officer of the post. There shall be at each fort,
and redoubt at least one drill a day as artillery and one as infantry.

23. Particular care must be taken to keep the bores of the rifled guns free
from rust and always well oiled.

24. The forts will be inspected at such times as the chief of artillery may
direct, and a full report of their condition will be made. Particular attention
will be paid to the drill and police of the work in each case, as also to the
condition of the armament, ammunition, and magazines.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FIRING.

1. The firing in action should be deliberate, never more than will admit of
accurate pointing. A few shots effectively thrown will produce more effect than
a larger number badly directed, although the larger number may have killed the
most men.

It is not so important to kill as to inspire terror. The object of killing a
portion is to so frighten the rest as to cause them to run; and to inspire this
terror, precision of fire and consequent certainty of execution is of
infinitely greater importance than a great noise, rapid firing, and less
proportional execution.

2. To secure accuracy of firing, the ground in the neighborhood must be well
examined and the distanced the different prominent points within the field
covered by each gun noted. The gunners and cannoneers should be informed of
these distances, and in the drills the guns should be accurately pointed at one
or the other of them in succession , the gunner designating the spot, calling
the distance in yards, and the corresponding elevation in minutes and degrees,
until all the distances and corresponding elevations are familiar to the men.

When shell or case-shot are use, the time of flight corresponding to the
distance must be given to the man who goes for the projectile. He tells the
ordnance-sergeant, or person who furnishes the ammunition, and the latter cuts
the fuse to burn the required time.

3. The gunner is responsible for the aiming. He must, therefore, know the
distance to each prominent point the field covered by his gun, the elevation
required to reach that point, and the time of flight of the shell or case-shot
corresponding to each distance or elevation. He must have a table of these
ranges taken from the Heavy Artillery Arctics, pages 265 to 269. a

For example: The cartridges for the 24-pounder guns all weigh six pounds as
issued to these works

The last table on page 269 should read: " Eight-inch sea-coast howitzer, on
barbette carriage, instead of 8-inch sea coast mortar."

Twenty-four pounder gun on siege or barbette carriage.

Pounds....... deg" .......... Yards.

...6............. 0..0 ............ 412
That is, the bore being level, a range of 400 yards.

...6.............1..0 ..............842
1 degree elevation, range about 850 yards.

...6.............1..30 ........... 953
1 1/2 degrees elevation, range about 950 yards.

...6.............2..0 ............1,147
2 degrees elevation, range about 1,150 yards.

...6.............3..0 ............1,417
3 degrees elevation, range about 1,400 yards.

...6.............4..0 ............1,666
4 degrees elevation, range about 1,660 yards.

...6.............5..0 ............1,901
5 degrees elevation, range about 1,900 yards,
the extreme range of 24-pounder round-shot.

Thus, if the enemy appears at a point 1,000 yards distant, look at the table -
950 yards requires 1 deg. 30" elevation; 1,150 yards requires 2 deg.;
therefore, elevate a very little, say 5" to 10" over 1 deg. 30", or simply give
1 deg. 30" full.

In the same way, for each 8-inch sea-coast howitzer, make out a table from page
269, noting, however, that only 6 and 8 pounder cartridges being now issued for
them, and of late only 8-pound cartridges, it must first be ascertained what
the cartridges in your magazine weigh, and them make out the table accordingly.

4. These tables will be promptly prepared under the direction of the commanding
officer,m and copies furnished for each gun and used habitually in the drills.
They will be examined and verified by the chief of artillery.

5. The attention of all officers in charge of artillery in the works is
directed to the articles in the Tactics on "Pointing guns and howitzers," pages
85 to 88.

6. Commanding officers of the works will keep themselves accurately informed of
the amount and kinds of ammunition in the magazines. The supply should be kept
up to 100 rounds per gun. When it is less than that amount a special report
will be made of the fact to the chief of artillery, with requisitions for the
amount necessary to complete the supplies. They will also see that the
necessary equipments are always on hand for the service if all the guns, as
follows:

For 24 or 32 pounder guns, the articles named on pages 47 and 48, article 97.

For 8-inch sea-coast howitzers, the articles named on page 58, article 117; and
for other guns, according to the tables as prescribed in the Tactics.

NOTE.- Two lanyards and at least 150 friction-primers for each gun to be kept
on hand; one lanyard and a very few primers to be kept in the tube pouch, the
other in the magazine.

One globe or dark lantern for every three guns. Two globe lanterns for watch
magazine.

By command of Major-General Halleck:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

SPECIAL ORDERS,} HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH,
Numbers 133.} Hilton Head, Port Royal, S. C., March 7, 1863.

Brigadier General James H. Ledlie, chief of artillery to Major-General
Foster, is included in the operations of Special Orders, Numbers 97, current
series, from these headquarters, and is relieved from duty I this department.
He will proceed to North Carolina by the first opportunity.

By command of Major General D. Hunter:
CHAS. G. HALPINE,
Assistant Adjutant-General, Tenth Army Corps.

SPECIAL ORDERS, } HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
Numbers 79.} March 21, 1863.

VIII. The batteries of horse artillery will reduce the number of ammunition
chests on the caisson body to one, which will be arranged so as to sit over the
axle, as in the Sixth New York Battery (Martin's). The remaining chests will be
kept full. But one spare wheel to the section will be taken by each field
battery of the army; the remainder will be turned into the ordnance department.

To reduce the weight, only six fellows, twelve spokes, one jack-screw, and one
splinter-bar will be carried in the battery wagon. The excess of these articles
will be turned into the ordnance department; no other stores than those
authorized in the table of contents will be carried in the battery wagons and
forges, except spare fuses and primers, well boxed and secured.

Repairs of gun-carriages, of wheels, &c., will, so far as possible, be made
from the stores carried with the battery. When, from the extent of injuries
received, in action or otherwise, it is necessary to employ more labor than the
battery can supply, the commandant of artillery of the corps may collect such
wheelwrights and other mechanics as are disposable from the batteries of his
corps to effect it; when carriages and wheels are so broken as to be useless,
the sound part will be secured, and as soon as possible the repairs effected.

When in camp, the coal-boxes will be filled with hard coal, if possible, and
remain so, as they are intended to carry coal for the march. For ordinary use,
other sources of supply must, when practicable, be depended on.

When the batteries go into camp with a prospect of remaining sufficiently long,
the commandants of artillery will cause coal-pits to be made for current uses.

In the batteries of light 12-pounders, it is very important that the fuse be
screwed down tightly, so that the horseshoe on the bottom may be supported by
the shoulder of the fuse-hole. If this is not done, a premature explosion may
result. The fuse-wrench, furnished with the battery stores, is used for this purpose,
and, when practicable, the fuse should always be screwed down just before firing.

By command of Major-General Hooker:
S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant-General.

Troops in the Department of Washington, Washington Defences,
Maj.Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman Commanding, March 31, 1863.

ABERCROMBIE'S DIVISION
9th Massachusetts Battery, Capt. J. Bigelow.
4th New York Heavy Artillery, Lieut. Col. H. H. Hall.
17th New York Battery, Capt. G. T. Anthony.

CASEY'S DIVISION
2d Connecticut Battery, Capt. J. W. Sterling.
11th Massachusetts Battery, Capt. E. J. Jones.
Keystone (Pennsylvania) Battery, Capt. M. Hastings.
1st Rhode Island Artillery, Battery H, Capt. Jeffrey Hazard.

CAVALRY DIVISION
9th Michigan Battery, Capt. J. J. Daniels

ARTILLERY CAMP OF INSTRUCTION.
Brig. Gen. WILLIAM F. BARRY.
1st Delaware Battery, Capt. B. Nields.
10th Michigan Battery, Capt. J.C. Shuetz.
1st New York Artillery (Battery A), Capt. Thomas H. Bates.
12 New York Battery, Capt. George F. McKnight.
16th New York Battery, Capt. F.L. Hiller.
19th New York Battery, Capt. William H. Stahl.
27th New York Battery, Capt. J.B. Eaton.
Independent Pennsylvania Battery, Lieut. E. H. Nevin, jr.
1st West Virginia Artillery (Battery A), Lieut. Max. Sivers.

DEFENSES NORTH OF THE POTOMAC.
Lieut. Col. JOSEPH A. HASKIN.

First Brigade.
Col. AUGUSTUS A. GIBSON.
3d Maine Battery, Capt. James G. Swett.
2d Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, Col. A. A. Gibson.
1st Vermont Heavy Artillery, Col. J. M. Warner.

Second Brigade.
Col. LEWIS O. MORRIS.
1st Maine Heavy Artillery, Col. D. Chaplin.
7th New York Heavy Artillery, Col. Lewis O. Morris.
9th New York Heavy Artillery, Col. J. Welling.
9th New York Battery, Capt. Emil Schubert.
117th New York (Battalion), Lieut. Col. A. White.

Third Brigade.
Col. WILLIAM R. PEASE.
5th New York Heavy Artillery (Battalion), Maj. G. F. Merriam.
10th New York Heavy Artillery, Col. Alex. Piper.
117th New York (Battalion), Col. William R. Pease.

CORPS OF OBSERVATION
10th Massachusetts Battery, Capt. J. Henry Sleeper

FORT WASHINGTON
16th Indiana Battery, Lieut. Charles R. Deming.
4th U.S. Artillery (headquarters).

GENERAL ORDERS No. 29.
HDQRS. ART. DEFENSES OF ALEXANDRIA,
Near Fort Ward, Va., April 17, 1863.

I. The Second New York Heavy Artillery, Fourth New York Heavy Artillery,
and Sixteenth Virginia Volunteers, are hereby temporarily attached to the command
of Colonel Tannatt.

II. This command will hereafter be designated as the "Defenses of Washington South of the
Potomac."

By order of Brig. Gen. Robert O. Tyler:
E. L. KINNEY,
Second Lieutenant and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.

HEADQUARTERS LEFT WING,
May 1, 1863-3 a. m.

Brigadier-General HUNT, Chief of Artillery:

General Reynolds wants a 20-pounder battery in place of the 3-inch battery sent
him last night. Can you spare him one? He is opposed by 20-pounder guns. He
reports the ammunition used in his 3-inch guns not good.

JOHN SEDGWICK,
Major-General, Commanding Left Wing, Army of the Potomac.

UNITED STATES FORD,
May 1, 1863-2.25 p. m.

General BUTTERFIELD:
General Hooker directs that you send Graham's Horse Artillery, all of it,
twenty-two guns, to report to me at Banks' Ford; also two batteries Napoleons,
or, if there are none, two other field batteries, 3-inch, if General Sedgwick
can spare them. The latter can be replaced by Hart's and Kusserow's batteries,
now with Colonel Warner on Sedgwick's extreme left. They can be replaced by
Blucher's 20-pounders, now at the camp of the Artillery Reserve.

Please acknowledge to me here, with substance of this, that I may be sure all
is right.

HENRY J. HUNT,
[Brigadier-General.]

UNITED STATES FORD,
May 1, 1863-3.02 p. m.

General BUTTERFIELD:
Have not yet received your answer; line down. I go to Banks' Ford. Will await
Graham there. General Hooker requires me to hold that ford against the
enemy's attempt to cross. I shall expect the batteries there.
I will be at the white house. Will you direct the quartermaster to send
a mule load of forage, at least, for the horses of myself, staff, servant,
and orderlies? Answer me at Banks' Ford.

HENRY J. HUNT.

BANKS' FORD, VA., May 2,1863-6.45 p.m.

General HOOKER:
All quiet. About a regiment reoccupy the rifle-pits of the enemy. Apparently
the movement of Reynolds up the river has caused their reoccupation. General
Gibbon reports (at 5.30 o'clock) enemy falling back from Sedgwick's front.

HENRY J.HUNT,
Brigadier-General.

SPECIAL ORDERS, } HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
No.120.} May 2,1863.

Brigadier General R.O.Tyler, U.S.Volunteers, having reported at these
headquarters for duty, is assigned to the command of the Artillery Reserve, and
will enter upon his duties at once.

By command of Major-General Hooker:
S.WILLIAMS,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

BANKS' FORD, VA.,
MAY 3,1863-3 p.m.

General HOOKER:
Parties across from this command. Colonel Doull sent over with directions to
ascertain and report the distance of Sedgwick's and Gibbon's advance on the
Plank road. The bridge is being thrown. The wires are across; taken by
swimmers. Portion of the Reserve Artillery ammunition train sent for to come
here.

HENRY J.HUNT,
Brigadier-General.

Report of Captain James M.Robertson, Second U.S.Artillery, commanding
Horse Artillery, including operations April 13-May 10.

CAMP NEAR FALMOUTH, VA., May 11, 1863.

SIR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of that
portion of the brigade of Horse Artillery with me in the late raid in the rear
of the enemy's army in the direction of Richmond:

I left camp near Aquia Creek, Va., at 7 a.m., April 13, with Battery E, Fourth
Artillery, Lieutenant S.S.Elder commanding [four guns]: and Batteries B and L,
Second Artillery, Lieutenant A.O. Vincent commanding [six guns], and marched
to Hartwood Church. At this place Lieutenant Elder was detached with his
battery, and assigned to duty under the orders of General Buford. At 9 p.m. I
marched with the two remaining batteries, and reported to General Gregg, at
Grove Church. The night being dark and the roads very difficult and muddy, and
also obstructed with wagon trains, I did not reach that point till daylight on
the 14th.

After resting two hours, I moved forward to Bealeton Station, arriving at 1
p.m. Lieutenant Clarke was here ordered forward to Rappahannock Bridge, where
he was for a short time engaged with the enemy, Lieutenant Elder at the same
time being engaged with him at Kelly's Ford. The reports of these officers I
herewith inclose.*

On the 15th, the command moved forward to the ford above Rappahannock Bridge,
but, owing to the severe rain-storm, it was found impracticable to cross. The
batteries were recalled and went into bivouac, where we remained until the
18th, when we moved back to Bealeton Station.

On the 19th, by direction of General Stoneman, one section from each of the
three batteries was selected to accompany the expedition, and the remainder
under the command of Lieutenant Clarke, returned to Falmouth, with orders to
report to the chief of artillery.

On the 20th, we moved forward to near White Sulphur Springs. The roads were in
a most horrible condition.

On the 22nd, we marched to Warrenton Junction. The railroad having been
repaired, we got full supplies of rations and forage, and remained till 5 p.m.
of the 28th, when we again moved forward to Bealeton Station. The roads were
very heavy, and the night so dark we did not reach Bealeton till 1 a.m.

On the 29th, at 7 a.m., we marched to and crossed the Rappahannock River on a
pontoon bridge half a mile below Kelly's Ford. At 7 p.m.

we moved toward the Rapidan; marched 3 miles, and bivouacked without fires. At
daylight we again moved forward, and put Lieutenant Elder's section across the
Rapidan at Hamilton's Ford. The entrance to and egress from the river was very
difficult, and the water so deep as to completely submerge the guns. The
current was very strong, but we succeeded in crossing without accident, taking
over the ammunition chests in a country wagon, having constructed a platform to
raise the chests above the water. With th remaining four guns I moved to
Raccoon Ford, and crossed without difficulty at sunset, and bivouacked on the
south side of the river.

May 1.-Marched from bivouac on the Rapidan at daylight, and arrived at Orange
Springs at 1 p.m. Left Orange Springs at 5 p.m., and arrived at Louisa
Court-House at daylight on the 2nd; roads in a very bad condition. Left Louisa
Court-House at 2 p.m., and arrived at Thompson's Cross-Roads at 9 p.m.

At 3 a.m. of the 3rd, Lieutenant Woodruff, Second Artillery, was detached, with
a section of Battery M, and accompanied General Gregg to destroy the bridges on
the South Anna River.

At 8 a.m. of the 4th, marched from Thompson's to Flemmings' Cross-Roads.

May 5.-Left Flemmings' Cross-Roads at 8 a.m., and arrived at Yanceyville at 1
p.m. Having been ordered to lighten my carriages, I destroyed all the paulins.
The night was extremely dark and the rain was pouring in torrents, and so cold
that warmest clad were suffering extremely.

We arrived at Orange Springs at 9 a.m. on the 6th, over roads so heavy that I
would consider them impracticable for ordinary mounted artillery in daylight.
Marched from Orange Springs at noon. After advancing 2 miles, the command
halted until 5 p.m., when we again moved forward. Just at dark the battery
entered a dense wood on a narrow and winding cart-road, which they passed
through for a distance of 2 miles, the rain pouring in torrents, and so dark
that at times I could not see my horse's cars, and with the mud so deep that at
times it was with difficulty my saddle horse could extract his feet. We passed
through without accident, and at once moved on and crossed the Rapidan River at
sunrise on the 7th.

At this point we rested till noon, when we again moved forward, arriving at
Kelly's Ford, on the Rappahannock, at 10 p.m. The night was very dark, with
some rain; the road horrible. Finding it impracticable to cross the ford during
the night, we went into bivouac.

At daylight on the 8th, I commenced to cross the guns, first removing the
ammunition chests. The water at the ford was so deep that the carriages were
completely submerged, and the horses swimming in harness, dragging the guns
after them for fully 20 yards. In this manner the entire battery was crossed
without the slightest accident, and without the least delay to the cavalry,
which was crossing at the same time and point. To cross the ammunition chests
the only means at our disposal was a small punt-boat worked on a telegraph wire
stretched from bank to bank. The first chest loaded in the boat was found to be
too much, swamping the boat and losing the chest with its entire contents. I
then had half the ammunition removed from the second chest and passed it
safely. Finding the process a slow and unsafe one, General Stoneman attempted
to establish a flying bridge, but, owing to there being two currents, it did
not work successfully. After several attempts, by direction of General Stoneman
the ammunition was destroyed.

The men of the battery being very much exhausted, Captain Farnsworth, of the
Eighth Illinois Cavalry, kindly volunteered to float over the ammunition
chests, which he successfully accomplished, and for which I herewith tender him
my sincere thanks.

I marched from Kelly's Ford at 8 p.m. on th 8th, and arrived at Deep Run at
daylight on the 9th, where I rested two hours. I then moved forward to Stafford
Court-House; marched from Stafford Court-House at 11 a.m. on the 10th, and
joined the remainder of the brigade at this place at sunset.

The officers accompanying the expedition were: Lieutenants Elder and Egan,
Battery E, Fourth Artillery; Lieutenants Woodruff and Hamilton, Battery M,
Second Artillery, and Lieutenant Vincent, Batteries B and L, Second Artillery.
Lieutenant Browne, Sixth Independent New York Battery, accompanied Lieutenant
Vincent as far as Kelly's Ford, where he was ordered to rejoin his own battery.
While serving with the expedition, he performed his duties in a most able and
efficient manner, and for which he has my sincere thanks.

Too much credit cannot be awarded to the officers and enlisted men of the
command for the cheerful and willing manner in which they performed their
duties without any means of subsistence other than they could procure from the
country; marching night after night over paths that could hardly be called
roads, and all without a murmur.

Respectfully,
J.M.ROBERTSON,
Captain, Commanding First Brigade, Horse Artillery.

Reports of Captain Stephen H. Weed,
Fifth U. S. Artillery, Chief of Artillery.

OFFICE OF CHIEF OF ARTILLERY, FIFTH ARMY CORPS,
May 7, 1863.

COLONEL:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the service of the
artillery which I commanded from the 3rd to the 5th instant:

On the morning of the 3rd, between 10 and 11 o'clock, our center fell back to
the open space on which stood the white house, at the intersection of what
became our right and left lines. I received authority from the major-general
commanding the corps, and subsequently from the general commanding the army, to
place in a defensive position all the artillery I could find not otherwise
posted. Nearly if not quite every corps in this army was represented in the
line then formed. Fifty-six guns were placed, twenty-eight on the right,
twenty-four on the left, and four in the angle. The line of our troops was a
triangular one, the artillery occupying about 500 yards on each side the
salient angle.

The enemy made attacks upon our right and left fronts on Sunday, the 3rd, and
on the left front and salient on the 4th and 5th, with artillery and infantry.
The latter was repulsed and the former silenced by our artillery fire.

The position was maintained until we were ordered to retire, on the evening of
the 5th. A partial list of casualties was submitted on the 5th. As my command
was but temporary, and given for the express purpose of obtaining a
concentrated force of artillery upon our center, it ceased with the
abandonment of our lines. The lists of casualties suffered by the different
batteries have doubtless been submitted to the corps commanders. With two or
three shameful exceptions, the officers and men behaved well.

I was much assisted in the performance of my duties by Captain Randolph, chief
of artillery, Third Corps, and Second Lieutenant S. B. McIntire, Second U. S.
Artillery, who acted as my adjutant and aide.

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
STEPHEN H. WEED,
Captain, and Chief of Artillery, Fifth Army Corps.

Report of Captain Augustus P. Martin,
Battery C, Massachusetts Light Artillery.

CAMP NEAR POTOMAC CREEK, VA.,
May 7, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of
the battery under my command during the recent movement:

I left camp, in compliance with instructions from headquarters Army of the
Potomac, on the 30th ultimo, and marched to Hartwood Church. On the 1st
instant, marched to Chancellorsville and reported to Captain Weed, chief of
artillery of the corps. Encamped for the night near Chancellorsville.

On the morning of the 2nd instant, took a position on the extreme left of the
line, near Child's house, where I remained until the evening the 5th instant,
when I received orders from Captain Randol to recross the river and return to
the old camp, near Potomac Creek. The battery was not engaged. No men or horses
were lost.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. P. MARTIN,
Captain Battery C, Massachusetts Artillery.
Captain S. H. WEED,
Chief of Corps Artillery.

Report of Captain Charles A. Phillips,
Battery E, Massachusetts Light Artillery.

CAMP NEAR POTOMAC CREEK, VA.,
May 7, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
The battery under my command left camp at Potomac Creek on April 30,
in obedience to orders from Captain Martin, and marched to Hartwood Church.

On the 1st, we marched to near Chancellorsville, and remained in park all
night. The next day I marched about 2 miles to our left, and placed the battery
in position, supported by Humphreys' division. I remained there until the
evening of the 5th, when, by order of Captain Randol, I marched to the United
States Ford. Crossed and returned to our old camp. I have not been in action;
have lost no men or horses, and the few implements I have lost can be easily
replaced.

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
CHAS. A. PHILLIPS,
Captain Battery E, Massachusetts Artillery.
Captain S. H. WEED,
Chief of Corps Artillery.

Report of Captain Richard Waterman,
Battery C, First Rhode Island Light Artillery.

CAMP NEAR POTOMAC CREEK,
VA., May 7, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
I have the honor to report the operations of my command since April 27 last.

April 27.-Broke camp at 11 a.m.; marched 10 miles, and encamped near Stafford
Court-House.

April 28.-Marched at 10 a.m. 8 miles, and encamped near Mount Holly Church.

April 29.-Marched at 7.30 a.m. to the Rappahannock River, and crossed on the
pontoon bridge just below Kelly's Ford at 10 a.m.; marched 16 miles, and
encamped at 5 p.m. on the banks of the Rapidan River, at Ely's Ford.

April 30.-Marched at 5 a.m.; crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford; marched to
Chancellorsville, and halted at about 12 m. In the afternoon marched up the
road toward Banks' Ford with the First Brigade; returned at dusk, and encamped
in an open field to the left of Chancellor's. Marched 12 miles.

May1.-Broke camp at 10 a.m., and, with the First and Second Brigades, marched
on the road to the left of Chancellorsville and leading into the main road to
Fredericksburg. Marched until 3 p.m., then countermarched and returned to
Chancellorsville, and went into position in a lot to the left of Chancellor's
house. Two pieces were detached and sent down the road to the left, and went
into position. The remaining four guns fired 7 rounds into the woods in front
and to the left. Remained in position during the night.

May 2.-Fell back at 4 a.m., and went into a lot to the left of the road leading
to Chancellorsville. Went into position again, and remained all day. At night,
four pieces went down the road to the left center about 1 miles and took
position.

May 3.-Still in position. The two pieces, under command of Lieutenant Sackett,
took up position in a lot on the right of the road leading to Chancellorsville.
Sergt. August S. Hanna and Private Frederick S. Moyes killed in action, and
Privates Charles Jenkins and Patrick J. May, severely, and Corp. Charles
McCarty, slightly, woundned; all belonging to the section under command of
Lieutenant Sackett. Private Moyes was killed, and Privates May and Jenkins
wounded, by a volley of canister from a battery stationed to the left and rear
of Lieutenant Sackett's section. Only 1 man was killed and none were wounded by
the enemy. Expended 20 rounds of ammunition.

May 4.-Lieutenant Sackett's section fired 5 rounds at the enemy, who were
advancing from the woods in a solid column. Lieutenant Sackett was wounded
severely in the wrist by a Minie ball.

May 5.-Remained in position all day. At night ordered to cross the
Rappahannock; moved at 8 p.m. Crossed pontoon at 2 a.m. next morning; halted 1
miles from the river.

May 6.-Returned to our old camp at Potomac Creek at 1 p.m.

The losses sustained by this command are as follows: Killed, 2 men; wounded, 1
officer and 3 men; and missing, 2 men. Two horses killed in action and 3 died;
2 caisson bodies abandoned, by order of General Hunt; 1 McClellan saddle lost,
and 13 artillery traces expended by breaking. About 75 rounds of ammunition
expended.

RICH'D WATERMAN,
Captain First Rhode Island Artillery, Commanding Battery.
Captain S. H. WEED,
Chief of Artillery, Fifth Army Corps.

Report of Lieutenant Malbone F. Watson,
Battery I, Fifth U. S. Artillery.

CAMP NEAR FALMOUTH, VA.,
May 7, 1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by
Battery I, Fifth Artillery, losses, &c., in the late actions with the enemy
between April 27 and May 6:

The battery left camp near Falmouth on the 27th; marched to Hartwood, and
encamped for the night. Next day reached Kelly's Mills.

Marched on the 29th to the Rapidan, at Ely's Ford; crossed on the 30th, and
marched to Chancellorsville, and encamped for the night.

Moved out on May 1, with the division, on the old Richmond pike, and took
position. After firing one or two shots, I was ordered farther to the front,
and was there engaged with the enemy for about an hour. In this action, 1
limber was destroyed by a shot from the enemy, 2 men slightly wounded, 1 horse
killed and 4 wounded. After the action, the battery retired, with the
division, and took up a position near the Chancellor house, remaining until the
morning of the 2nd, when it was ordered to fall back on the road to the ford,
and bivouacked in a field about 1 1/2 miles in the rear.

Sunday morning, went into position again, and was engaged in repulsing the
enemy's attack on that day. Was again engaged on Monday.

Tuesday night, received orders to return to camp near Falmouth, and reached
here about noon on Wednesday.

On Sunday, the 3rd, 2 men of the battery were slightly wounded. One bugler,
serving as orderly to Captain Weed, Fifth Artillery, was wounded slightly in
the hand.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
M. F. WATSON,
First Lieutenant Fifth Artillery, Commanding Battery I.
Captain S. H. WEED,
Commanding Artillery, Fifth Army Corps.

Report of Captain Almont Barnes,
Battery C, First New York Light Artillery.

CAMP NEAR FALMOUTH, VA.,
May 7, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
I have the honor to report that on April 30, ultimo, at 1 p. m., the
battery under my command (C, First New York Artillery), in accordance with
orders from headquarters of the army, left camp, near Stoneman's Swith, to join
the army near Chancellorsville, Va., which place it reached at 5 p. m. the next
day, May 1.

On the morning of May 2, in accordance with orders from Captain Weed, chief of
corps artillery, I reported to Brigadier-General Tyler with my command on the
left front of the army, and by him was placed in position on his right, and
there remained until 8 p. m. of the 5th instant, when, by your order, I
commenced the march for this camp, arriving here at 1 p. m. on the 6th instant.

Respectfully, your obedient servant,
ALMONT BARNES,
Captain First New York Artillery, Commanding Battery C.
Captain A. M. RANDOL,
Commanding Artillery, Third Division, Fifth Army Corps.

Report of Captain Andrew Cowan,
First Battery, New York Light Artillery.

CAMP IN THE FIELD,
May 7, 1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to report that at 5 a. m. on the 3rd instant I took a
position assigned me near to and on the left of Fredericksburg, and shelled the
enemy's batteries on the heights. Much of the ammunition failed to work
satisfactorily, but the fire of my battery was very fair. During the charge, I
kept up a rapid fire on all the works, and succeeded in driving the enemy from
the work on the left, compelling him to abandon his pieces, after several
ineffectual attempts to run the gauntlet of our fire. This work was then
occupied by the Seventy-seventh New York Regiment. A shell from my third piece
exploded a limber in the right work carried by our division.

At 3.15 p. m. received orders to follow the Third Brigade; marched over the
heights back of Fredericksburg, and then followed in rear of the leading
regiment of the Second Brigade, marching on the plank road leading to Culpeper
Court-House. Came into battery on the left of the road at 6.20 p. m.

At 9.15 p. m. received orders to proceed to the front without delay; came into
battery on the right of the road near the toll-gate; the enemy's skirmish line
was in the edge of the woods 700 yards to my front. At daylight, discovered the
enemy building an earthwork in front, using the plank from the road to
strengthen it. A few well-directed shells put a stop to their operations.
During the day them threatened our position several times, but did not attempt
to advance in strong force.

At 5 p. m. the fighting became general along the whole line, and about 6.45 p.
m. General Sedgwick informed me that he was about to withdraw the infantry, and
ordered me to hold my position as long as possible, holding on until General Brooks
passed, if I could. Harn's battery, on my left, and a regiment 300 yards in our front
were the only forces remaining at this point at 7 p. m. I continued to fire into the
enemy's lines until 7.30 p. m.; when Brooks' division having withdrawn, as also
Harn's battery, and the enemy's skirmishers advancing on my left and rear, I
considered it time to withdraw. I then fired by piece, commencing on the right,
and, as each piece was fired, limbered it up and moved from the field. Before the
shell from the left piece had reached the point aimed at, the entire battery was
son the road to Banks' Ford. On arriving at the ford, the roll was called and every men
reported present. We crossed the bridge at 1 a. m. I had not a man hurt and but
1 horse killed.

During the fight on the morning of the 3rd instant, the axle of one of my
pieces was broken, and I sent a lieutenant back to camp with it to be repaired,
with orders to return as soon as possible, and bring forward the battery wagon,
forge, and baggage wagons. He recrossed at Fredericksburg about 6 p. m., and,
learning that our division had crossed the hills at the point carried by it in
the morning, he took the same route, and, after marching 1 1/2 miles beyond the
enemy's works, suddenly came upon 2 of the enemy's pickets, who fled, but a
battery immediately opened fire from a distance of less than 600 yards.
Lieutenant Atkins changed the direction of the carriages at once, and had
nearly succeeded in making good his escape when a shell, exploding in the road,
frightened the mules, and one wagon was upset directly across the road,
preventing the passage of the forge and remaining wagons. The drivers unhitched
their horses and mules with the exception of one (a contraband) who ran away,
leaving his team hitched. Before the lieutenant discovered this, the enemy was
too near, and it was impossible to return. I lost, therefore, my forge, 2
wagons, and 6 mules. Lieutenant Atkins had to march over a mile exposed to the
fire of the battery, and did all that was possible to bring the wagons, &c.,
out in safety. I fired but 545 rounds during both days.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
ANDREW COWAN,
Captain First (Independent) Battery, New York State Vol.

Reports of Captain Robert H. Fitzhugh, First New York Artillery,
Commanding Battery, and Chief of Artillery.

STAFFORD COURT-HOUSE, VA.,
May 7, 1863.

COLONEL:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by
Battery K, First New York Artillery, in the late operations on the
Rappahannock:

The battery crossed the river at United States Ford on Thursday, April 30,
1863, and early the next morning joined its division (First, of the Twelfth
Corps) near Chancellorsville, Va. During the reconnaissance made by the Twelfth
Corps on Friday, May 1, the battery was held in reserve, and remained unengaged
until about 5 p. m. of Saturday, May 2, when the enemy, having driven in the
Eleventh Corps, Captain Best, chief of artillery, Twelfth Corps, directed me to
come into position south of the Plank road, and about 500 yards in rear of the
line held by Generals Williams an Berry. Soon after, Lieutenant F. B. Crosby,
with four pieces of battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, took position on my
right, and Lieutenant C. E. Winegar, commanding Battery M, First New York
Artillery, on my left, joined, at about 6 p. m., by Battery D, First New York
Artillery, and forming, with other batteries of the Third and Twelfth Corps, a
line of thirty-four pieces. From this position I fired, during the fighting of
Saturday night, 56 rounds, chiefly of Hotchkiss shell, at 1 3\4 degrees
elevation, with 2 1\2 second fuse, directing the fire against a body of the
enemy occupying the Plank road and the woods in front of General Berry's line.
They were thrown into great confusion by the fire of the batteries, and their
advance was checked for the night.

At about 4.30 a. m., Sunday, May 3, I was ordered by Captain Best to send one
section to strengthen General Geary's line, and the other to General
Meade's-Lieutenant Bailey joining General Meade, and Lieutenant Davis General
Geary.

At about 9 a. m. Lieutenant Winegar, commanding Battery M, First New York
Artillery, still engaged in his position of the previous evening, reporting to
me that he was nearly out of ammunition, I brought up Lieutenant Davis' section
from General Geary's line to relieve him; but before the section, though coming
up at a trot, could reach the graveyard in rear of the Twelfth Corps artillery,
the batteries of that line had all fallen back, M, of the First New York
Artillery, the last of them to retire, going by Lieutenant Davis just as he
went into battery, which he did under my direction a little northeast of the
graveyard. From this position we opened a fire of Hotchkiss fuse and Schenkl
percussion shell against a rebel battery which was enfilanding our line from
the field about a mile south of the Plank road, every one of the 12 shells that
we fired (elevation 6 degrees) bursting among the enemy's pieces, although the
smoke that hung over that part of the field prevented us from seeing any other
effect than the explosion of an ammunition chest and a temporary slackening of
their fire. After firing 12 rounds, we were obliged to directs our pieces
against a body of rebel infantry who had driven our troops back over the road,
and were pouring into us a sharp fire of musketry from our right and front. We
now fired shell and case shot at an average elevation of 1 degree until the
enemy advanced over the line that had been occupied by Captain Best's
artillery, D, of the First New York Artillery, and other batteries, earlier in
the morning, when we fired percussion shell at point-blank.

A regiment of our infantry that had been lying on the ground on our right and
rear now rose and fell back. At about 10.30 a. m. I withdrew the section, under
cover of a fire from some of our artillery posted near the Chancellorsville
house, to the second line, formed near the white house, which we had barely
reached when we came into battery, west of the United States Ford road, against
a body of the enemy who were driving our infantry our of the woods on the west
and south of the white house. We here fired percussion shell at point-blank
against the enemy in the edge of the woods with great effect. Their advance at
that point was effectually checked by the artillery fire. Between 2 and 3 p. m.
I directed Lieutenant Davis to join Lieutenant Bailey's section, which had been
in position, unengaged, near General Griffin's division of the Fifth Corps, on
our right.

Early Monday morning, Captain Weed, commanding the artillery of that line,
ordered the battery to the left, near General Birney's division of the Third
Corps. Here, toward evening, we were hotly engaged with the rebel infantry and
artillery, first shelling a battery on the left which we silenced, and then
turning our fire, in common with that of the whole line, against a battery on
the right, which was also silenced in a few minutes.

From Monday evening, May 4, until Tuesday, 8 p. m., we remained in the
last-named position, unengaged. We were then (Tuesday, May 5, 8 p. m.) ordered
to United States Ford by Captain Weed.

On Wednesday a. m., May 6, I put the battery imposition near the group of
buildings a shot distance south of the ford, by order of Major-General
Reynolds, commanding First Corps, and about 10 a. m., by order of the same
officer, crossed the river, the battery joining its corps at Stafford
Court-House at about 7 p. m.

First Lieutenant Edward L. Bailey and Second Lieutenant Henry W. Davis
deserve a great deal of credit, not only for their gallant bearing under a
severe fire, but for the excellent judgment displayed by them both in the
management of their respective sections. The non-commissioned officers and men,
without a single exception, behaved nobly. The pieces
were worked very carefully, and not a shot was thrown away. The total
expenditure of ammunition was 195 rounds.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
ROBERT H. FITZHUGH,
Captain First New York Artillery, Commanding Battery K.
Colonel C. S. WAINWRIGHT,
Commanding First New York Artillery.

Casualties in Battery K, First New York Artillery, during battles near
Chancellorsville, Va., May 1-5, 1863.

R. H. FITZGUGH,
Captain First New York Artillery, Commanding Battery K.

STAFFORD COURT-HOUSE, VA.,
May 13, 1863.

LIEUTENANT:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken
by the artillery of the division in the late operations on the Rappahannock:

A list of casualties and losses immaterial have already been forwarded.

Battery M, First New York Artillery, First Lieutenant C. E. Winegar
commanding, having crossed the Rappahannock with the division at Kelly's Ford,
reached Fairview Thursday p. m., April 30, where, on Friday, May 1, at 6 a. m.,
it was joined by Batteries F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, Lieutenant F. B. Crosby
commanding, and K, First New York Artillery, First Lieutenant E. L. Bailey
temporarily commanding.

During the reconnaissance of Friday a. m., none of the batteries were engaged.

About noon of that day, First Lieutenant E. D. Muhlenberg, with a section of
Battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, was ordered to general Geary's line by
Captain C. L. Best, chief of artillery, Twelfth Corps, and remained there
during the actions of the next two days.

About 4 p. m. of Friday, May 1, a rebel battery, opening from a point about 300
yards southwest of Colonel Ross' position, was silenced in about half an hour
by the converging fire of Battery M, posted near the log house, First Division
headquarters, with one section of Battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, and from
another section of Battery F, under Lieutenant Crosby, posted, by order of
Brigadier-General Williams, commanding division, at the point of woods on the
west side of the ravine.

During Friday night, the division artillery remained in battery near General
Williams' headquarters.

On Saturday, May 2, Lieutenant Muhlenberg, on General Geary's left, was engaged
at intervals during the whole day repelling three cavalry charges and one of
infantry, using canister with great effect. The rest of the division artillery
remained unengaged until between 5 and 6 p. m. The Eleventh Corps giving way,
by order of Captain Best I posted the batteries in front of General Williams'
headquarters, forming, with the rest of the Twelfth Corps artillery and two
batteries of the Third Corps, a line of thirty-four pieces, stretching from the
Plank road south to a short distance beyond the log house, the line being
completed just as Generals Williams' (Twelfth Corps) and Berry's

(Third Corps) divisions had fallen back to the edge of the woods in our front.
From this position a sharp fire was kept up by the artillery at intervals until
nearly midnight, directed principally against a body of the enemy who seemed to
be near the farm house occupied during the day by Brigadier-General Knipe,
commanding First Brigade, and creating among them great disorder and confusion.

During the night, by direction of Captain Best, a breastwork was thrown up
along the artillery line.

Sunday, May 3, at daybreak, by order of Captain best, I sent one section of
Battery K, First New York, under Second Lieutenant H. W. Davis, to report to
General Geary, and the other section, under First Lieutenant E. L. Bailey, to
General Meade's line.

Soon after daybreak, the enemy (whose advance on the previous evening had been
effectually checked) renewed the attack, which was replied to by the artillery
with about the same effect as on the night before until between 7 and 8 a. m.
Gaining ground on our right flank, they poured in from that quarter a hot fire
of musketry, at the same time that a battery firing from the field on General
Ruger's left enfiladed our line. At this time the division artillery suffered
its heaviest loss in men and horses.

At about 9 a. m. Lieutenant Winegar, commanding Battery M, First New York
Artillery, reported to me that he was nearly our of ammunition. A brought up
Lieutenant Davis' section, of Battery K, First New York Artillery, from General
Geary's line, where he had been engaged up to that time, to relieve him; but
before the section, although coming up at a trot, could reach the graveyard in
rear of First Division headquarters, our artillery had fallen back from its
intrenched position, and the last battery of the line, Lieutenant Winegar's,
and a battery of the Third Corps, retired under cover of the fire from
Lieutenant Davis' section, posted a short distance northeast of the graveyard.
That section maintained an effective fire against, first, the enfilanding
battery before spoken of, and then against the enemy's infantry, checking it as
it advanced on our intrenchments, near division headquarters, until the enemy,
gaining on our right, and our infantry supports on our right and rear falling
back, it was withdrawn to General Meade's line, retiring between 10 and 10.30
a. m., under cover of fire from Lieutenant Muhleberg, who, posted near the
brick house (Major-General Hooker's headquarters) with seven pieces, besides
his own section, gallantly kept his ground until about 11 a. m., when he was
ordered to the United States Ford, there joining the other four pieces of his
battery and Lieutenant Winegar's battery (M, First New York Artillery). Battery
K, First New York Artillery, after joining General Meade's line, taking
position near the white house between 10.30 and 11 a. m., was sharply engaged
at intervals until Tuesday night, May 5, repelling the attacks of the enemy's
infantry; also engaged at this point with two rebel batteries posted on the
Chancellorsville and United States Ford road.

At about 8 p. m. of Tuesday, May 5, all the batteries of the division were
ordered to recross the Rappahannock and return to their old camps, which they
did, reaching Stafford Court-House Wednesday evening, May 6.

I regret to have to report the loss of two battery commanders. At about 9 a.
m., Sunday, May 3, First Lieutenant F. B. Crosby, commanding Battery F, Fourth
U. S. Artillery, while directing the fire of his battery, which he had handled
most skillfully during the whole engagement, was shot through the heart.
Lieutenant C. E. Winegar, who had worked his battery with great effect during
the hottest of the enemy's fire, retiring the last of the line of artillery, after bringing
all of his pieces safely off the field, returned in search of two disabled caissons,
and has not been heard of since.

The conduct of the whole command was all that could be desired. First
Lieutenant T. B. Kirby, Twentieth Connecticut Volunteers, adjutant, First
Division artillery, deserves great credit for his coolness under fire, and for
remaining on the field in the discharge of his duties after receiving a wound
in the arm which made it necessary to lift him on his horse.

First Lieutenant Muhlenberg, of Battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, for his
conduct while on General Geary's left; Second Lieutenant Floyd, left in command
of four pieces of Battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, after Lieutenant Crosby's
death; First Lieutenant E. L. Bailey and Second Lieutenant H. W. Davis, of
Battery K, First New York Artillery, for their conduct while in Captain Best's
line and in other position; First Lieutenant J. D. Woodbury and Second
Lieutenant Smith, of Battery M, First New York Artillery, for their conduct on
the 1st, 2nd and 3rd instant, deserve favorable mention.

The following-named enlisted men have been reported for bravery and oldierlike
conduct:

Battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery-Sergts. David Joel and [Michael] Fitzgerald,
and Corps. John Phillips and Tazewell B. Amiss.

Battery K, First New York Artillery-First Sergt. Charles Keller, Sergts. John
Duane and Marion Mosher, and Corps. John Pitts, Clark Fairbanks, Thomas Evans,
and Datus Miller.

Battery M, First New York Artillery-First Sergt. John W. Weld, Sergts. Royal A.
Ide and Samuel Hood, Corpl. Charles H. Rems, and Privates Henry M. Johnson and
John Walker.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
ROBERT H. FITZHUGH,
Captain 1st N. Y. Art., Chief of Art., 1st Div., 12th A. C.

Report of Lieutenant John D. Woodbury,
Battery M, First New York Light Artillery.

STAFFORD COURT-HOUSE, VA.,
May 7, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
I have the honor to report that Battery M, First New Your Artillery,
broke camp April 27, 1863, and marched with the troops of the Twelfth Corps;
crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford, and arrived at Chancellorsville April
30, 1863.

May 1, a. m., made a reconnaissance with the troops of the Twelfth Corps toward
Spotsylvania Court-House; returned to camp about 2 p. m., near General Slocum's
headquarters. At 5 p. m. were ordered to take a position on a tongue of land to
the right of General Slocum's headquarters, to repulse the enemy, who were
making a demonstration at that point. While taking our position, the enemy
opened upon us with 18-pounder shot and shell. We replied as soon as possible,
and silenced their battery in three-fourths of a an hours, using 100 rounds of
ammunition. Camped for the night with pieces in battery.

May 2, 3 p. m., the enemy having gained our rear, received orders from you,
changed front fire to the right, throwing right wing to the rear, causing us to
occupy the ridge in rear of General Slocum's headquarters. Commenced firing
about 6 p. m. on the enemy's infantry and artillery. Their artillery was soon
silenced and infantry repulsed; they, however, soon rallied and again were
repulsed with great slaughter. At this time we used from one to three second
fuse. They were driven back the third time in the same manner. We then, by
your order, threw up earthworks by digging down 1 1\2 feet, and placing the
earth in front of the pieces. For want of proper tools, consumed nearly the
whole night.

The next morning at break of day the men were at their posts, and the enemy
soon made his appearance in our front with great force, and were again driven
back by the fire of our artillery. The enemy came down in this manner for the
fifth time, and were driven back as before with great loss. Our support having
fallen back, the enemy's sharpshooters gaining our flank, our ammunition
expended, we by your order retired.

May 5, were ordered to cross the river at United States Ford and cover the
crossing of the retiring column early next morning, the enemy having two
batteries in position to annoy our troops. I immediately opened upon them with
my battery, in connection with Captain Pettit's (First New York) artillery and
Captain Knap's (Pennsylvania) batteries. We silenced them in about one hour,
causing one limberchest to explode and destroying two caissons. Received orders
May 6, at 6 p. m., to return to our old camp at Stafford Court-House, where we
arrived May 7, 1863.

During the recent engagement mentioned, in regard to officers and men, all
behaved with the utmost bravery and performed their duties well. The following
is the list of casualties in men and material:

I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN D. WOODBURY,
First Lieutenant Battery M, First New York Artillery.
Captain C. L. BEST,
Chief of Artillery, Twelfth Army Corps.

Report of Lieutenant Edward D. Muhlenberg,
Battery F, Fourth U.S. Artillery.

NEAR STAFFORD COURT-HOUSE, VA.,
May 7, 1863.

GENERAL:
I have the honor to report the operations of that portion of the
artillery of the Second Division, Twelfth Corps, under my charge in the actions
of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd instant, at Chancellorsville, Va.

I was placed in charge of the artillery of the Second Division on the night of
the 1st.

On the 2nd, I found one section (two Napoleons) of Captain Bruen's (New York)
independent battery in the field, and not subject to any orders. I took
possession of it, and placed it in position, covering that occupied by the
artillery of the First Division, under Captain Best.

On the 3rd, three Napoleons of Company C, Fourth U. S. Artillery, and two
rifled pieces (commander unknown) reported, and were placed in position with
the other two already mentioned. I also in the latter part of the day placed my
section in the same position, Lieutenant O'Donohue in command, and to my
knowledge 7 privates of these three guns were killed.

The conduct of Lieutenant Field, an officer present, deserves a favorable
notice for gallantry.

The casualties, further than this, of these guns and others under my charge, I
have no report of.

The operations of the artillery under my command were immediately under your
own eye, and a lengthy report is unnecessary.

I have the honor to be, general, respectfully, your obedient servant,
EDW'D D. MUHLENBERG.
First Lieutenant Fourth U. S. Artillery, Commanding Battery F.

Report of Captain Joseph M. Knap, Battery E,
Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery.

CAMP NEAR AQUIA CREEK, VA.,
May 7, 1863.

GENERAL:
In compliance with the several orders from headquarters Army of the
Potomac and corps and division headquarters, I furnish the following report of
action and casualties and loss of material and near Chancellorsville, Va.,
commencing on the 1st instant, my command comprising Knap's and Hampton's
Independent Pennsylvania batteries, six guns each:

On the 1st instant Knap's battery, under command of Lieutenant Atwell, advanced
with the corps, firing about 60 rounds with accuracy; the result not known.

During the evening of the same day the same battery, with two guns of
Hampton's, assisted in repelling the attack on the front and left of the
position occupied by the Second Division of the Twelfth Corps without loss or
accident to either. Number of rounds fired, about 300.

On the morning of the 2nd, while endeavoring to stop the advance of the enemy
on the left, a battery was brought to bear on our flank, and four guns of
Knap's were placed in position, which in about forty-five minutes succeeded in
silencing the enemy, exploding two of his caissons and dismounting one of his
pieces. Two hundred rounds were fired, and 3 men and 3 horses of Knap's
wounded, and 1 horse of Hampton's killed.

During the afternoon of the same day, two guns of Knap's (Dunlevy's section)
advanced with a portion of the division under the command of Brigadier-General
Kane, Lieutenant Atwell accompanying, having his other four guns in the rear,
in readiness for action. After firing 12 rounds of case shot, the section was
ordered back; Lieutenant Atwell wounded in the left arm severely, and one
enlisted man mortally (since died).

During the evening our position, as originally, covered the division and left
until the Eleventh Corps gave way. I then changed four guns to cover the right,
should occasion demand, thus bringing into action my entire command - twelve
pieces.

At 3 a. m. Sunday, the 3rd, I was ordered to place Hampton's six guns near the
headquarters of General Williams, on the right of the Twelfth Corps, and at
4.15 a. m. was ordered to report with my other six guns (Knap's) to General
Reynolds, commanding First Corps, where they remained in position during the
day, covered by earthworks we had erected as a protection against musketry.

During the engagement of Sunday morning, Hampton's battery was hotly engaged
for about three hours, and Captain Robert B. Hampton fell, mortally wounded
(died a few hours after), while gallantly performing his duty.

In this action, one caisson of Hampton's was exploded; a second was disabled; 1
enlisted man was killed, 7 wounded (3 seriously), and over 20 horses killed and
disabled, which, with the harness, were lost, compelling him to abandon the
third caisson. No guns were lost. About 600 rounds were expended, and during
the afternoon the battery was taken to the rear.

On the 4th, my battery was not engaged, and Hampton's, under Lieutenant
Fleming, remained in the rear.

On the morning of the 5th, by order of General Hunt, I reported to Captain C.
L. Best, chief of artillery, Twelfth Corps, at the United States Ford, and
found Hampton's had before reported and crossed the river.

During the afternoon, Knap's was placed in position, assisted by four guns of
Thompson's Pennsylvania, on the peninsula below the crossing, where it remained
during the night. Being senior officer, I assumed command.

At early daylight, I found the enemy erecting a breastwork directly in our
front, and ordered Captain Thompson to fire an occasional shot to hinder his
operations.

About 9 a. m. the enemy opened on us with two batteries, four guns on our
right, angling about 40 degrees, at 1,200 yards range. After a brisk fire for
nearly an hour, we succeeded in silencing the battery in front, exploding two
of his limbers, while Thompson silenced the guns on the right.

My loss was 3 men wounded and 4 horses.

It gives me pleasure to testify to the good conduct and bravery of the officers
and men in the two batteries under my command; all did their duty nobly.

To Captain Elliott, ordnance officer of the division, credit is due for his
gallant conduct in supplying the batteries with ammunition under the hottest
fire.

Respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOS. M. KNAP,
Captain , and Chief of Artillery, 2nd Div., 12th Army Corps.

Report of Lieutenant Greenleaf T. Stevens, Fifth Maine Battery.

CAMP NEAR WHITE OAK CHURCH, VA.,
May 8, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
On Sunday, May 3, at 8 o'clock, orders were received from Colonel
Wainwright, chief of artillery, First Army Corps, to move our battery to the
front and report to General Reynolds, commanding First
Army Corps. Subsequently, while on our way to the front, orders were received
from General Hooker that the batteries in reserves should move along to
Chancellorsville, which was near the center of our lines, and report to the
chief of artillery there. On arriving and reporting, we were ordered into
position on the northerly side of a circular field, some 500 or 600 yards
across. The enemy's line of infantry extended across the field and into the
woods, at a distance of not more than 450 or 500 yards. As soon as our battery
emerged from the woods and made its appearance upon the field, the enemy's line
of infantry divided in center, and marched by the right and left flank at a
double quick to the woods. This movement disclosed their artillery, which was
posted in the rear of their infantry, and partially covered by a slight
elevation. Having our exact range, they immediately opened a most galling fire
from their artillery, which appeared to consist of two light batteries. Our men
and horses began to fall before we got into position. Their artillery was
served with great vigor and remarkable precision, opening with canister,
spherical case, and shell.

The ground being hard, and affording no cover, their projectiles ricocheted,
causing the loss of a large number of horses, and inflicting many severe wounds
upon the cannoneers and drivers. Our guns were served deliberately, so that the
ammunition in the limber might not become exhausted, and the effect of our fire
might be noticed; the right half of the battery engaged the enemy's artillery,
the left half holding in check a large body of infantry massing on our left.
The ammunition in the limbers of the right section was expended; that in the
center section, with the exception of 4 or 5 rounds, which were ignited by an
exploding shell and the limber destroyed; that in the left section was
expended, and a few rounds served from a caisson near by, when, by the
direction of General Hancock, there being but one limber which could be moved,
and the remaining cannoneers completely exhausted, the prolongs were attached,
and the guns moved by the infantry support to the rear. The caissons were
previously moved from the field.

Notwithstanding the disadvantages under which we labored, our men behaved in
the most gallant manner, continuing to work their pieces until their ammunition
was exhausted and the enemy's skirmishers had approached within the distance of
150 yards.

Our loss in killed and wounded is as follows: Killed, 6; wounded, 22. It is
with the deepest regret that I mention the names of Sergt. William F. Locke and
Corpl. Benjamin F. Grover among the killed, as they were the best of soldiers,
and showed themselves at the battles of Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and
Chancellorsville as the bravest of men.

I remain, captain, your obedient servant,
G. T. STEVENS,
Lieutenant, Commanding Battery.
Captain D. R. RANSOM,
Chief of Artillery, Second Division, First Army Corps.

Report of Captain James Thompson, Battery C, Pennsylvania Light Artillery.

CAMP NEAR WHITE OAK CHURCH, VA.,
May 8, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
At 12 m. on the 28th ultimo, with division, marched from old
encampment to the Fitzhugh farm. At 2 a. m. on the 29th, moved
forward, and by daylight took a position on second bank from the river
Rappahannock, near Purdy's [Pollock's?] dam, for the purpose of protecting our
pontoniers and to cover the crossing of our troops. The fog was dense, but at 7
a. m. I fired some 12 rounds at parties of the enemy at a range of from 1,300
to 1,400 yards; we sustained no loss whatever.

The 30th was ushered in with a steady rain, but otherwise perfectly quiet until
5.20 p. m., when we replied to a rebel battery of 20-pounder Parrott guns,
which opened on our infantry from the heights on our left front. We were soon
subjected to a cross-fire also, but continued firing until dark, with no loss;
threw 60 rounds, at a range of about 3,700 yards.

Still in same position on the 1st of May. Fog heavy until 9.25 a. m.; had no
firing. The morning of the 2nd opened up clear; engaged with the enemy's
batteries from 8 to 9.30 a. m., at a range of 3,700 yards; no loss. At 11 a.
m., with division, marched for United States Ford, and arrived at the front at
2 a. m. on the 3rd instant.

Ordered into position on the right with the First Corps at 6 a. m., and was
relieved by Captain Stewart's battery of light 12-pounders at 11 a. m., and
ordered to join reserve batteries.

Was, on the morning of the 4th instant, ordered to report to General Slocum,
commanding Twelfth Corps, at sunrise; when proceeding to the position assigned,
was ordered to recross the river and take a position lower dow, so as to
prevent the enemy firing upon our bridges.

At daylight, 6th, observed the enemy throwing up earthworks for guns upon the
heights opposite to and across the river from us, at a range of from 1,300 to
1,400 yards, when my battery opened on them, so as to prevent their further
progress, while I was at the same time hotly engaged with a battery of two
24-pounder howitzers and a 12-pounder on our right and from rifled guns on our
front, when, with the assistance of Captain Knap's Pennsylvania Battery, blew
up the enemy's caissons, silenced their guns, and obliged them to run for the
woods and leave their guns upon the field. Continued to fire occasionally, so
as to prevent their occupying the works, until about 3 p. m., at which time the
bridges having all been taken up, we were ordered to retire, having sustained
the following loss, viz, Private David Chase, killed; Sergt. R. Parcell,
wounded in face, slightly; Private Lyman Ellithorp, wounded in legs and groin,
dangerously; Private M. Lynch, wounded in arm, slightly; also 3 horses killed.

Very respectfully submitted, captain, by your obedient servant,
JAMES THOMPSON,
Captain , Commanding 4th Pa. Batty, 2nd Div., First Army Corps.
Captain D. R. RANSOM,
Commanding Artillery, Second Division, First Army Corps.

Report of Captain Rufus D. Pettit,
Battery B, First New York Light Artillery.

FALMOUTH VA., May 8, 1863.

COLONEL:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by
the battery under my command in the late battle near Chancellorsville:

By direction of Major-General Couch, I reported to Major-General French, at 12
a. m. May 1, and followed the brigade of General Hays to a point on the Plank
road, about 1 1/2 miles south of Chancellorsville, when the command returned to
its previous position near the headquarters of General Couch.

On the morning of May 2, first section was detached by Colonel Morgan and sent
in charge of First Lieutenant Sheldon to Scott's Mills, to report to the
commander of the Irish Brigade; the remaining section wee placed in position
near the headquarters of General French.

About 2 p. m. I was directed to relieve Knap's Pennsylvania battery, near
General Hooker's headquarters, when I engaged a section of the enemy's
artillery at about 2,700 yards, and obliged it to withdraw, expending 40 rounds
of shell and case. Remained in this position until 9 a. m. May 3, when I was
directed by Colonel Morgan to occupy a position in an open field near General
Couch's headquarters, when Lieutenant Sheldon reported with his section from
Scott's Mills.

At 10 a. m. I was placed in position by Colonel Morgan, at Chancellorsville, to
engage a battery of the enemy, which at the time was enfilading our line of
infantry. Within a very few moments the enemy opened with three batteries
in my front, one on my left flank, and one section in my rear.

This position was held until 1 lieutenant Slauson, 3 chiefs of pieces
Harvey Cox, Thomas Coyne, and Charles H. Gates, 1 gunner, and 7 men
were disabled 1 caisson destroyed, and 8 horses killed, when, having expended
nearly 600 rounds of case and shell, I withdrew my battery, and was ordered by
Colonel Morgan to the heights near the ford, where I remained waiting orders
until 7 a. m. May 5, when I was ordered by Captain Best to cross the brigade,
and from the heights cover the recrossing of the troops and the taking up the
bridges, which was accomplished at 3 p. m. May 6.

Was then ordered to return to camp, near Falmouth, by Colonel Alexander
Doull, to which place I arrived with my battery at midnight.

The conduct of the officers, the non-commissioned officers, and men during
these operations was worthy of your highest regard. not a man absented himself,
and it gives me great pleasure to be able to say that my orders were executed
by all with promptness.

Hoping this may meet your approval, I have the honor to remain, as ever, yours, truly,
R. D. PETTIT,
Captain Company B, First New York Artillery.
Colonel C. S. WAINWRIGHT,
Commanding First New York Artillery.

Report of Captain Thomas W. Osborn,
First New York Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery.

OFFICE OF CHIEF OF ARTILLERY,
May 8, 1863.

MAJOR:
I have the honor to report the movements of the light batteries of the
division - Company K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, light 12-pounder guns, commanded
by First Lieutenant F. W. Seeley; Company H, First U. S. Artillery, light
12-pounder guns, commanded by First Lieutenant J. E. Dimick; Company D,
First New York Artillery, light 12-pounder guns, commanded by First Lieutenant
George B. Winslow, and Company B, First New Jersey Artillery, 10-pounder Parrott guns,
commanded by Captain A. Judson Clark - between April 29 and May 5.

On the 29th ultimo, at 2 p. m., I received orders from Major-General Berry to
move the batteries, with the infantry, to near the bank of the Rappahannock,
and about midway between the crossing of Sedgwick's and Reynolds' corps.

We rested for the night at 11 o'clock, and at sunrise of the 30th reported, by
orders, to General Newton on the bank of the river. I posted the batteries to
sweep the plain on the south bank, but at 3 p. m. I was ordered to move with
the corps to the United States Ford. At midnight, we halted a mile south of
Hartwood Church, and in the morning crossed the river.

At 12 m. of the 29th, Captain Clark's battery was transferred to the First
Division of this corps, and the Fourth New York Independent Battery to this. I
regret this change very much; it was a rifled battery, and splendid in its
officers, men, and all its equipments. It has been my especial delight to
assist in and to make in perfect for the field, and the effort has not been in
vain.

At 3 p. m. the division was ordered to the front about 3 miles, with the
exception of General Mott's brigade and Seeley's battery, which were left at
the ford. Brisk skirmishing was going on at the front; at night we rested near
the white house.

The morning of May 2 brought a day filled with the variable incidents nearly
always attendant on the immediate proximity of contending armies on the eve of
battle - the small but vigorous attacks of each on the other's lines, to learn
the points of strength and weakness. At 4 p. m. we realized a heavy attack was
being made on the left, and the varying direction of the sound showed us too
plainly our forces were giving way. The division was soon ordered to the front,
the batteries following in the order of Domick, Winslow, and the Fourth New
York Independent Battery. As we passed General Hooker's headquarters, a scene
burst upon us which, God, grant, may never again be seen in the Federal Army
of the United States. The Eleventh Corps had been routed, and were fleeing to
the river like scared sheep. The men and artillery filled the roads, its sides,
and the skirts of the field, and it appeared that no two of one company could
be found together. Aghast and terror-stricken, heads bare and panting for
breath, they pleaded like infantry at the mothers, breast that we would let
them pass to the rear unhindered. The troops in the old division, unwavering,
and the artillery, reckless of life or limb, passed through this disorganized
mass of men. Reaching the crest of the hill, I left the batteries of Dimick
and winslow on the brow, taking position perpendicular to the road, Dimick
taking the right, excepting one section of Dimick's battery, which I took about
400 yards to the front, on a line with the front of the woods, and only a few
yards in the rear of our line of battle.

At this time (a little after sunset), a rebel battery opened fire on the
batteries on the brow of the hill, and less than 1,000 yards from them. Winslow
and mason, in command of two sections of Dimick's battery, accepted the
challenge, and almost immediately silenced them.

All was now quiet, excepting that we could constantly hear the enemy, from 300
to 1,000 yards in our front, massing their troops and moving their artillery.
It was now evident that their force was large, as the swearing of officers and
giving orders sounded like the chattering of multitude. This continued until
9.30 o'clock, during which time severely commissioned officers rode within our
lines of pickets and were captured. At this time, I distinctly saw the head of a
column moving down the road, it being a beautiful moonlight night. The column
seemed to cover the entire breadth of the road, and moved very cautiously until
within 150 yards of us, when it began to deploy in line of battle. At this moment,
I directed Lieutenant Dimick to open with canister, clearing the road almost instantly.
The batteries on the crest opened, at the signal, upon the road beyond, and,
taking the reports of prisoners as reliable, the havoc on their ranks was
fearful.

This same movement of the enemy occurred again at 10.30 and at 12 midnight,
excepting he did not move his forces upon the open road, but in the woods, and
the challenge to open fire was given by the enemy's infantry against our own,
but the results were each time the same, the enemy being at each assault
repulsed. He used his artillery considerably, but to no great effect, only
wounding a few artillerymen and killing a few horses. The practice of the
artillery this evening was the most splendid I ever saw. The lines of battle at
several times became closely engaged, but the batteries on the crest varied
their elevation most admirably, keeping precisely the time of fuse required
and the exact elevation necessary to strike the rebel line of fuse required and
the exact elevation necessary to strike the rebel line of battle, and I have
yet to learn that one Federal soldier was struck by one of our shots or a
premature explosion of a shell; yet we repeatedly tore the rebel lines to
fragments, and assisted our gallant infantry to drive them, shattered to the
rear. The artillery fire of the evening, although perhaps not quite so heavy
as at the world-renowned battle of Malvern Hill, I consider far more perfect in
time and accuracy. During the firing of this evening, the rifled guns of the
Fourth New York Independent Battery, although stationed at some little
distance to the rear of the 12-pounder batteries, did excellent service, and
assisted in driving the enemy back. Two batteries of the Twelfth Corps were on
the left of Winslow's battery, commanded by Captain Best, as chief, but their
position was inferior to our own, yet doubtless they did good service. These
batteries remained in this position during the next day's engagement.

At 2 a. m. Seeley's battery reached the field, with General Mott's bridge, from
the ford.

At 3 a. m. the Fourth New York was ordered to the rear by an aide-de-camp of
General Hooker, and I regret to say that , though we needed it much thought the
day, the order carried it beyond my reach and beyond the battle-field.

During the night, Captain [Charles W.] Squier, chief engineer of General
Berry's staff, threw up small works in front of the guns, which were of great
benefit during the engagement of the following day.

At 5 o'clock in the morning, the enemy attacked us in force, and, after a very
severe fight by our men, the Federal line began to fall back. From the first
moment I learned the position of the enemy, I played upon him with the
artillery, the section in the road using very short fuse him with the
artillery, the section in the road using very short fuse and canister as the
enemy moved to and from. In the movement of this section, securing and
defending the front of our line from the persistent attacks of the enemy,
notwithstanding its own exposed condition, and under a most galling fire from
the rebel sharpshooters and line of battle, Lieutenant Dimick showed the skill
and judgment of an accomplished artillery officer and the intrepid bravery of
the truest soldier. After holding this position for upward of an hour, his men
fighting bravely, but falling rapidly around him (his horse being shot under
him), and our infantry crowding back until his flanks were exposed, I gave him
the order to limber and fall back. In doing this his
horses became entangled in the harness, and in freeing them he received a shot
in the foot. This wound he his form his men, but in a movement received one in
the spine, and from the effects of it died in two days after. I would, if
possible, here pay a slight tribute to his memory, but I cannot. He was na
educated and accomplished officer, just budding into the full vigor of manhood.
As a line officer he has shown fine abilities, and on the battle-field was
unsurpassed for gallantry. Lieutenant Sanderson, before and after the fall of
Lieutenant Dimick, conducted himself with great courage, judgment, and
decision.

The division artillery was now confined entirely to the brow of the hill, but
Seeley was to the left and in front of the Twelfth corps batteries. Seeley took
this position by order of General Hooker, and it being so far removed from the
other batteries (about 600 yards), I could pay no personal attention to it;
besides, I had unbounded confidence in his judgment and in his battery. The
best report I can give will be the body of his report, which will be found
below. The battle was now beginning with almost unparalleled fury, the enemy
throwing his troops upon us in double and triple lines, and then in solid
masses. The infantry of the division fought with stubborn desperation, and the
contending forces surged backward and forward like two huge waves, mingling and
unmingling as the one or the order gained a momentary advantage.

It was at this time that the artillery carried the most fearful havoc among the
enemy's forces. The batteries of Winslow and Dimick here bore the same part,
and I can do no better in giving you a clear understanding of the part each
bore in the engagements than to quote from Winslow's report. He says:

To the part Lieutenant Seeley bore, I quote from his report. He says:

During the heat of the battle, I perceived the firing of my guns began to
slacken, and learning the ammunition was giving out, I applied immediately for
another battery of Captain Randolph, chief of corps artillery, and though he
gave me orders for Captain von Puttkammer's Eleventh New York Independent
Battery, I could not get him to the front, and I was compelled to withdraw my
guns, and thus caused the gallant old division to fall back before the rebel
masses. I withdrew the batteries to the ammunition train, and in three hours
they were ready for service again.

On the 4th, nothing of special interest transpired to the batteries.

On the 5th, we were ordered by General Hunt to recross the river, and to
proceed to our present camp.

In refitting the batteries for whatever service they might be called to
perform, I was compelled to resort to the unpleasant alternative of temporally
unhorsing the Fourth New York Independent Battery, Lieutenant William T.
McLean commanding, and putting it in position the bluffs on the north side of
the United States Ford. It has since been again placed on its original
footing.

I am frank to say that I fell the utmost gratification at the management of the
artillery by its immediate commanders, and the favorable results it produced on
the battle. I can scarcely conceive it possible that more destruction could
have been carried into our enemy's force by three light batteries than was
apparently by our own; how the firing could have been more accurate; the
coolness and judgment which directed each battery; how the men could have
been more heroic, noble, and true than all were; how commanders and
subalterns could surpass these noble men.

The ammunition used by the division artillery was about 2,450 rounds. The loss
of material wa 94 horses, 2 empty caissons (by horses being killed), and I
gun-carriage broken, but gun secured.

In officers and men we lost First Lieutenant J. E. Dimick, Battery H, First U.
S. Artillery, killed; Second Lieutenant Isaac Arnold, Battery k, Fourth U. S.
Artillery, wounded. Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, 7 men killed and 37
wounded; Battery H, First U. S. Artillery, 2 men killed and 18 wounded, and
Battery D, First New York Artillery, 2 men killed and 12 wounded.

Before closing, I wish to call the attention of the general commanding to the
following officers as especially worthy of promotion, by brevet of otherwise,
for their very gallant and meritorious conduct at the battle of
Chancellorsville on the 2nd and 3rd instant: First Lieutenant F. W. Seeley,
Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery; First Lieutenant George B. Winslow, Battery
D, First New York Artillery, and Second Lieutenant J. A. Sanderson, Battery H,
First U. S. Artillery.

I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THOS. WARD OSBORN,
Captain and Chief of Artillery, 2nd Div., 3rd Army Corps.

Report of Lieutenant George B. Winslow,
Battery D, First New York Light Artillery.

HDQRS. BATTERY D, FIRST NEW YORK ARTILLERY,
May 8, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
I have the honor to make the following report of the part taken by the
battery under my command in the recent active operations of the army:

The battery moved from its camp near Falmouth just before dark on Tuesday,
April 28, and marched with the division (Berry's) down the Rappahannock to a
point about midway between where Sedgwick's and Reynolds; corps crossed, and
went into camp a little before midnight. Early on the following morning, the
battery went into position near the Pollock house, on the bank of the river,
but was soon after ordered back under cover and out of sight of the enemy,
where it remained until 2 p. m. of the 30th, when we were ordered to move with
the division up the river.

At 2 o'clock on the morning of May 1, we bivouacked within 3 or 4 miles of the
United States Ford. About 2 p. m. of the same day, we crossed the river at the
above-named ford, and halted three-fourths of a mile beyond to rest and feed
our horses.

At 5.30 p. m. orders were received to move to the front - where a heavy
engagement was evidently taking place - in the shortest possible time.

Notwithstanding the horses were unharnessed, the paulins, overcoats, and
blankets spread out to dry (having been wet by the rain of the day before),
everything was packed, the battery harnessed and moved to the
rear of the First Brigade (Carr's), a half mile distant, in not more than
twenty minutes from the time the order was received. Just before dark we
reached General Hooker's headquarters, the vicinity of which was being shelled
by the enemy on our left. Some three hours later the battery moved, by your
orders, to a clearing about 1,000 yards in the rear, with instructions to
remain in readiness to move at any moment.

About the middle of the afternoon of the 2nd instant, there was heavy firing
in front of General Hooker's headquarters, and we moved by orders rapidly
forward. Soon after arriving at the front, the firing ceased, and we again
returned to our position in the rear. The horses were then unharnessed, and
were being watered, when very heavy firing of artillery and infantry opened
upon our right and front. The battery was immediately harnessed, and again
moved with the utmost rapidity to the front. As we neared General Hooker's
headquarters at Chancellorsville, the shot and shell from the enemy's guns fell
thick and fast around us, causing no little haste and confusion among the
supply teams then moving to the rear. The road was soon cleared, however, by
General Patrick, and the battery moved on, turning at Chancellorsville to the
right down the Fredericksburg and Gordonsville Plank road. Here an
indescribable scene of confusion and disorder presented itself. Our way was
literally blocked with the artillery and infantry of the Eleventh Army Corps,
who were flying to the rear apparently in the utmost terror, begging in many
instances by word and gesture that nothing might impede their cowardly and
disgraceful flight. To turn them out of the way, much less back, was
impossible, and some time elapsed before we could advance, and then only by
turning into the field tot he left of the road. A section of Battery H, First
U. S. Artillery, then in front of me, advanced to the foot of the hill near our
line of battle. I passed the remaining four guns, and placed my battery in the
first eligible position I could find, which was upon the brow of the hill some
500 or 600 yards in rear of our advance line, my right resting upon the Plank
road. The position, as the battle developed, proved an admirable one.

The enemy opened upon us from a battery in the road on the hill less than
1,000 yards in front. I immediately brought my guns to bear upon the enemy's,
using solid shot, and after a few rounds succeeded in silencing them for a
time. One man was killed and 1 severely wounded at my right gun just as they
were in the act of firing the first round. Soon after, four guns of the First
U. S. Artillery (Battery H) came into position in the road on my right, and
Best's and other batteries on my left. By this time, night had come upon us,
but a cloudless sky and a bright moon enabled us to sight our guns with a
considerable degree of accuracy.

While our infantry and the enemy's were hotly engaged, we directed our fire
upon the latter with terrible effect, using shell and spherical case, which
exploded at the proper time and place. The fighting continued almost without
cessation until after midnight, but our infantry nobly stood their ground, and
the enemy's guns were repeatedly silenced.

During the night, I threw my battery into echelon, at about two- thirds the
usual intervals and distances, the better to command the slope of the hill and
both flanks, and, when, not engaged in firing, and my men throw up earthworks
in front of the guns, which proved of great service in the next morning's
engagement. Toward morning, Captain Squier, of Major-General Berry's staff, who
had a pioneer company under his command, relieved my men of this duty.

At the first glimmer of day on Sunday, the 3rd instant, the battle opened
furiously upon our left and front, the enemy driving our lines
back upon their supports after a brief but brisk engagement. Our artillery
fired upon the enemy's infantry until the two lines were so near each other
that our fire enemy's infantry until the two lines were so near each other that
our fire was alike dangerous to friend and foe. Berry's division, in our front
at this time, repulsed the enemy handsomely, as it did repeatedly during the
morning, aided by the artillery.

Our left having fallen back, our troops in front were exposed to a heavy fire
both in front and flank, and finally fell back a short distance, but in good
order, the batteries keeping the enemy in check while our infantry rallied and
advanced, regaining their former position.

Four or five times our infantry retired a short distance, and again obstinately
advanced, driving the enemy, who seemed to outnumber them two to one. At each
successive attack, the enemy's numbers increased. As the y came down the hill
in almost solid masses, our artillery greeted them with shot and shell, causing
a fearful destruction in their ranks.

Just before the last charge of the New Jersey Brigade, in front of my battery,
the enemy came down in solid masses, covering, as it were, the whole ground in
front of our lines, with at least a dozen stand of colors flying in their
midst. I immediately ordered my guns loaded with solid shot, and, as our
infantry fell back and wheeled to the left, unmasking the battery, fired at
about 1 1/2 degrees' elevation. The effect was most terrible. A few rounds
sufficed to drive the enemy in great confusion up the hill, whereupon our
infantry again charged and took several stand of colors. The enemy then crossed
the road and came down in the woods upon our right. Just before this, the
section of Dimick's battery in front had been compelled to retire, and, soon
after, his guns upon my right also withdrew. Meanwhile the enemy continued to
advance, our own troops slowly return before him. In a few moments, the former
came out of the woods not more than 100 yards form the muzzle of my guns,
planted their colors by the side of the road, and commenced picking off my men
and horses. When a sufficient number had rallied around their colors, my guns
having been previously loaded with canister, I gave the order to fire. In this
way they were repeatedly driven back. they were, however, rapidly closing
around us in the woods upon our right, not more than 25 or 30 yards from my
right gun, when I received your orders to limber up and retire; besides, my
ammunition was exhausted. I limbered from the left successively, continuing to
fire until my last piece was limbered.

The battery retired to the ammunition train, and was put in readiness for
another engagement before night.

On the morning of the 5th, I was ordered by General Hunt, through you, to take
my battery across the river and to the vicinity of Hartwood Church, and then
return with my horses for the Fourth New York Battery. Mistaking the road, I
went to Berea Church, where I arrived at 4 p. m. After resting and feeding my
horses, I returned with my drivers to the United States Ford. At midnight, I
had moved the Fourth New York Battery about 2 miles. the rain had fallen in
torrents, and the roads were almost impassable. I was compelled to leave
three caissons and the battery wagon and forge at this place, and double my
teams on the remainder of the carriages. I left the Fourth New York Battery
near Berea Church at daylight on the 6th, and sent my own to its camp near
Falmouth.

I cannot close this hastily written report without speaking of the gallant
behavior of the officers and men under my command. The duties throughout the
whole movement were most arduous, and the battle, from its commencement on
Saturday evening to its close, between 9 and 10 a. m. Sunday, the most fearful
and hardest fought of the many in which this battery has been engaged.
Although exposed most of the time to a heavy fire of artillery and infantry,
my officers and men maintained throughout a coolness and bravery worthy of all praise.

Lieutenants Mathewson, Ames, and Richardson commanded their respective sections
to my entire satisfaction and are entitled to all the honors that can be
bestowed upon officers for gallant conduct. Not a man but performed his duty
nobly and cheerfully. Not a murmur or complaint was heard, either upon the
tiresome marched or upon the battle-field. The only order obeyed with
reluctance was that to retire. Under no circumstance would they have forsaken
their guns. Below are the names of the killed and wounded in this battery.* I
also lost 20 horses killed and disabled.

I am, captain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. B. WINSLOW,
First Lieutenant First New York Artillery, Commanding Battery D.
Captain THOMAS W. OSBORN,
Chief of Artillery, Second Div., Third Army Corps.

Report of Captain James F. Huntington,
First Ohio Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery.

HDQRS. ARTILLERY, THIRD DIV., THIRD ARMY CORPS,
May 8, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by
the batteries of this division in the late action near Chancellorsville on May
2 and 3:

The batteries crossed the river at the United States Ford about noon on Friday,
the 1st instant, and moved up and parked near the headquarters of General
Couch.

Remained at that place until the afternoon of the following day, when, in
obedience to orders, we followed the division up the Plank road, and halted in
the open field to the left of the woods bordering that road. While the infantry
went on to the front, a considerable body of cavalry drew up near us on our
left as we faced while in park. While resting there, the attack was made on the
Eleventh Corps. The firing grew nearer, and though we could see nothing, it was
evident that our troops were giving way. Captain Puttkammer being absent at the
time, I ordered the three batteries to wheel into battery. They had hardly
done so when a torrent of our retreating infantry tore through our line,
frightening the horses and producing a temporary confusion. The enemy opened a
heavy fire from our front, and, advancing through the woods between us and the
Plank road, enfiladed our lines. This rendered it necessary to retire a little
and make a partial change of front. The execution of this maneuver was much
impeded by the cavalry before alluded to, which rode round and round on the
ground we wished to occupy. The Tenth New York Battery, which was close to the
edge of the woods, exposed to a severe fire, being unable to make the change of
front, limbered up and retired, taking a new position farther to the rear and
right.

Battery H, First Ohio, was then swung round so as to rake the woods on our
right, and continued to fire in that direction, while the Eleventh New York
Battery maintained the front until the enemy fell back and our infantry
returned. The men lay by the guns all night, and early on Sunday morning all
the artillery was withdrawn, except the pieces of Battery H, which were to
remain and hold that position. Two regiments of infantry also remained, one on
each flank. The enemy soon advanced in strong force from the woods in front,
where they also had a battery, which played on us, while another body moved
round our left flank. The battery was served as rapidly as possible and kept
the front clear, but though the infantry on our left fought gallantly, it was
forced back. Seeing our flank turned and the enemy already in our rear, I
ordered the battery to limber to the rear, and moved off. Our only line of
retreat was down over the hill, on the brink of which we were, through a piece
of marshy ground and over a bad ditch, and through a narrow space to the left
of the line of breastworks thrown across the ravine. Two of the pieces got out,
but the horses of the others being shot and unable to get them over the ditch,
and being exposed to the fire of our own men as well as that of the advancing
enemy, they were necessarily abandoned. I was with the last piece, and speak
from personal knowledge. One gun was afterward recovered. The remains of this
battery were then sent to the rear.

After the Tenth and Eleventh New York Batteries left the position
occupied on Saturday evening, they went back near General Hooker's headquarters
and formed in line. The Eleventh New York Battery was soon after placed in
position on the right of the Plank road. It was here exposed to a heavy
artillery fire, losing so many horses that the bodies of the caissons and one
complete caisson were abandoned, when the battery retired, for the want of
teams to draw them off. This battery was then bake back, and put in position
near the frame house known as General Couch's headquarters, and remained there
until evening, when it was ordered back to the ford. The first position taken
by the Tenth New York Battery was in front of General Hooker's headquarters
diagonally across the corner. This battery suffered severely at this point. It
remained there until all the artillery was ordered back to the new position,
where it was held until our whole force retired.

In my opinion the batteries of this division are entitled to credit for
maintaining their position on Saturday evening, left as they were without
support worth naming, exposed to the demoralizing effects of the flight through
their ranks of a crowd of panic-stricken fugitives. Permit me to add that the
practice of placing infantry supports in the rear of batteries cannot be too
strongly deprecated; they generally in such cases do nothing or worse than
nothing.

On Saturday evening, one company of the One hundred and tenth Pennsylvania,
lying in the rear of Battery H, First Ohio, rose and fired a volley directly
into it, not, of course, designedly, but owing to their being in our rear. I
have the honor to refer you for particulars of casualties to report already
sent in. The total loss of the three batteries was 40 killed, wounded, and
missing.

I am, captain, yours, most respectfully,
J. F. HUNTINGTON,
Captain , and Chief of Artillery, Third Div., Third Army Corps.

Report of Lieutenant Charles E. Hazlett,
Battery D, Fifth U. S. Artillery.

CAMP BATTERY D, FIFTH U. S. ARTILLERY,
May 8, 1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to state that this battery left camp on the 30th ultimo,
and reached Chancellorsville, Va., on the afternoon of the 1st instant.

On the morning the 2nd instant it took position on the left, where it remained
until ordered to recross the river. The battery was not engaged, and suffered
no loss either in men, horses, or material.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
CHAS. E. HAZLETT,
First Lieutenant Fifth Artillery, Commanding Battery.
Captain S. H. WEED,
Chief of Artillery, Fifth Army Corps, Army of the Potomac.

Report of Captain Frank C. Gibbs,
Battery L, First Ohio Light Artillery.

CAMP NEAR FALMOUTH, VA.,
May 8, 1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to report the following as the operations of Battery L,
First Ohio Light Artillery, in the late engagement with the enemy:

Left Stoneman's Station April 30 at 3 p.m. encamped near Hurtwood Church for
the night at 8 p.m.

May 1.-Broke camp at 6 a.m.; crossed the United States Ford at 3 p.m., and went
into park at Chancellorsville at 9 p.m.

May 2.-Broke camp at 6 a.m. and went into park 1 mile from Chancellorsville, on
the road leading to the ford.

May 3.-Ordered to the front at 7 a.m., and took position with the left and
center sections, on the right, and with the right section, on the front of the
white house line of operations. Remained in position until May 5, at 7.30 p.m.,
when we marched to the United States Ford, crossing at 5 a.m. May 6, arriving
at our old camp at 1.30 p.m.

Lost 1 lieutenant and 1 corporal, killed; 2 corporals and 6 privates wounded.

I remain, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
F. C. GIBBS,
Captain, Commanding Battery L, First Ohio Light Artillery.
Captain S. H. WEED,
Chief of Artillery, Fifth Army Corps.

Report of Captain John. A. Reynolds, First New York Light Artillery.

HDQRS. BATTERY L, FIRST NEW YORK ARTILLERY,
Near White Oak Church, Va., May 9, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of
my battery in the late engagement:

On the morning of April 29, at daylight, I took position with my battery, in
accordance with orders received from Colonel Wainwright, chief of artillery,
First Corps, on the line of hills commanding the river and near Pollock's Mill.
As soon as the mist rose from the river, our infantry was discovered engaged
with the enemy, who was in rifle-pits, and endeavoring to prevent the laying of
the bridge. Soon after, when the crossing was effected by boats, and the charge
made upon the rifle-pits by the Sixth Wisconsin and the Twenty-fourth Michigan,
I directed a few shots, by order of Colonel Wainwright, at the retreating
rebels. I expended 12 rounds at this time.

About noon of the 30th ultimo, several shots from a battery of 20-pounder
Parrotts were thrown near our position, but the efforts of the enemy failed,
nearly all of the projectiles falling short. No injury was sustained and no
reply made.

At 3 a. m. on the 1st instant, I was directed to move my battery across the
river and report to Brigadier-General Wadsworth, which I obeyed, taking
position on the plain just above the bridge and behind earthworks, which had
been thrown up during the night.

At about 9 a. m. on the 2nd instant, when the First Division was about to
retire across the river, a severe fire was opened upon us by a battery of the
enemy in our front and near the foot of the heights. They had a perfect range
of my battery. Eight of my men were severely wounded, 1 of whom died; 2 others
received slight wounds. Ten horses were killed or disabled and 2 slightly
wounded. Three limbers were injured by the fire; on one an axle broken, on
another, part of the lid to chest blown off, and, on the third, one wheel
knocked to pieces. The harness was also considerably cut up. The precise effect
of our fire could not be observed on account of the trees along the Bowling
Green road obstructing the view from thence to the enemy's position. We saw one
limber or caisson explode, and the pickets, who could better observe, state
that we disabled one of their pieces. The firing was kept up for about an hour
and a half before we succeeded in silencing the enemy, and was continued slowly
for another half hour, during which time the other troops were safely withdrawn
across the bridge. I next withdrew my battery, piece by piece, keeping up the
firing until the last gun was removed. We expended 303 rounds in this action.
The distance between the batteries was computed at about 2,000 yards. Our
shell, as far as I could judge, worked very well, though many of the paper
fuses are imperfect. The combination case-shot worked admirably with this
exception-in ramming them many caught on the end of the reamer, which had to be
worked or turned to disengage them, thus deranging the setting. I have since
had the reamers reamed out more, thus obviating this difficulty.

The officers and men were cool and collected. Lieutenants Reynolds and Breck
were especially so, watching carefully the effect of the fire from their
sections, and giving directions accordingly, inspiring their men with coolness
by their example. Sergt. Amos Gibbs is also deserving of especial mention.
Though wounded in the shoulder by a shell,
thereby rendering him unable for duty, he persisted in remaining at his piece,
and when by me ordered to go to the rear went to the bank, and in about a
quarter of an hour I again found him at his post. This time I positively
ordered him to the rear and to remain there. Sergt. William Henry Shelton is
also deserving of special mention. He was as cool as on ordinary drill, and by
his example inspired his detachment with courage and coolness. The earthworks
thrown up in front of the pieces afforded great protection to the men, who
would undoubtedly have suffered much more had they been entirely exposed, as
several shots struck directly in front of the works and many pieces lodges in
them.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. REYNOLDS,
Captain Battery L, First New York Artillery.

Report of Captain James A. Hall, Second Maine Battery.

WHITE OAK CHURCH, VA.,
May 9, 1863.

COLONEL:
I have the honor to report that we marched from our encampment near
Fletcher Chapel, Va., by order of General Robinson, at 12, Monday, the 28th of
April, and arrived at the bank of the Rappahannock, 3 miles below
Fredericksburg, at 2 a. m. on the 29th. We took up our position, covering the
bridge, and fired 11 rounds at the enemy's infantry, all of the shots doing
well. We remained in this position until May 2, when we moved, at 11.30 a. m.,
up the river, and crossed it at United States Ford, and bivouacked for the
night in the woods, 1 1/2 miles from Chancellorsville, Va. May 3, at 7 a. m.,
marched to the heights, taking position on the right of the line of battle of
the Army of the Potomac.

We occupied this position until the 6th, when we marched, by order of
Brigadier-General Hunt, chief of artillery, Army of the Potomac, to the United
States Ford. May 6, crossed the Rappahannock, and went into camp at Berea
Church, 5 miles from Falmouth, Va.

May 7, marched from Berea Church, and arrived at White Oak Church at 4 p. m.
same date, and went into camp.

JAMES A. HALL,
Captain, Commanding Second Mounted Battery, Maine Volunteers.
Colonel C. S. WAINWRIGHT,
Chief of Artillery, First Army Corps.

Report of Captain Dunbar R. Ransom, Third U. S. Artillery,
Commanding Battery C, Fifth U. S. Artillery.

WHITE OAK CHURCH, VA.,
May 9, 1863.

COLONEL:
I have the honor to report that this battery marched from camp near
Fletcher Chapel, Va., by order of General Robinson, at 12 m. on the 28th day of
April, and arrived at the Rappahannock River, 3 miles below Fredericksburg,
at daylight on the 29th instant, having 3 horses shot while going into position
to cover the crossing; fired three case shots at the enemy's skirmishers.
On the 30th instant, by order of General Reynolds, we moved across the river
and took a position on the right of Battery B, Fourth U. S. Artillery, Lieutenant
Stewart, and near the bridge, where we remained until the following day, May 1,
a portion of the time under fire; did not reply, as the enemy was out of range of
our guns. We were then relieved by Battery L, First New York Artillery, Captain
Reynolds, recrossed the river, and parked on the flat in front of the Fitzhugh house.
We remained here until the morning of the 2nd, when, by order of General Reynolds,
we took a position near the river to cover the recrossing of the troops, where we
remained until the bridge was removed. By order of General Reynolds, we
marched to United States Ford, and crossed the river at sunset with the division.

On the morning of the 3rd, we marched to the front, and took a position with
Battery B, Fourth U. S. Artillery and Second Maine Volunteers, on the front and
right of the Army of the Potomac, and covering a road leading to the Rapidan
River, where we remained until the night of the 5th instant, when, by order of
General Reynolds, we moved back nearly to the river, when we were halted and
ordered to return to our former position by General Hunt, where we remained
until 3 a. m. of the 6th instant, when we moved back to the river and took a
position to cover the recrossing of the troops; after which we moved to the
left bank of the river and took a position by order of General Meade, where we
remained until the bridge was removed. Then marched to Berea Church and camped
for the night. On the 7th instant, marched to White Oak Church.

D. R. RANSOM,
Captain Third Artillery, Commanding Battery.
Colonel C. S. WAINWRIGHT,
Chief of Artillery, First Army Corps.

Report of Captain R. Bruce Ricketts,
Battery F, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery.

HDQRS. BATTERY F, FIRST PENNSYLVANIA ARTILLERY,
May 9, 1863.

MAJOR:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by my
command in the late operations in the vicinity of Fredericksburg:

At daylight on the morning of April 29, I was placed in position in the
corn-field in front of the Fitzhugh house, by Colonel Wainwright, chief of
artillery, First Army Corps.

At 5 p. m. on the 30th, the enemy opened from a battery of 20-pounder Parrott
guns, at a distance of about 3.600 yards, and continued firing until 7 p. m.
During that time I fired 20 Hotchkiss shell, 25 Schenkl percussion, and 3
case-shot (Schenkl), at an elevation of from 10 to 14 degrees, and fuse from
eleven to fifteen seconds. The distance
being so great, and several batteries firing at the same time, it was
impossible to determine with any degree of certainty what execution was done. i
was able to ascertain, however, the proper elevation to be 14 degrees, and
length of fuse fifteen seconds.

On Saturday morning, May 2, the enemy opened again from the same battery.
During the forenoon I fired 30 shell (Hotchkiss), 27 percussion (Schenkl), and
18 case-shot (Schenkl), all at an elevation of 14 degrees. On Saturday
afternoon, I marched with my command up the river, and crossed at the United
States Ford. On Sunday evening, I was ordered to the front, to relieve Captain
Seeley's battery, and was placed in position on the extreme left of the Fifth
Army Corps. The enemy made several attacks on this position, but every time
were repulsed. The woods in front were but 250 yards distant, and were occupied
by the enemy's sharpshooters, who kept up a continued firing, compelling me to
remove the horses to the rear and to throw up earthworks for the protection of
the men. Not a man or horse was hit during all the operations. While in this
position, I fired 4 rounds of canister and 2 case-shot (Schenkl), with one and
a half second's fuse.

On Tuesday evening, May 5, I received orders to retire across the river, and
reached our present camp, near white Oak Church, on Thursday, May 7.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. BRUCE RICKETTS,
Captain, Commanding Battery F, First Pennsylvania Artillery.
Major E. W. MATTHEWS,
Chief of Artillery, Third Division, First Army Corps.

Report of Captain Frank P. Amsden,
Battery G, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery.

CAMP BATTERY G, FIRST PENNSYLVANIA ART.,
May 9, 1863.

MAJOR:
I have the honor to make the following report of the participation of
Battery G, First Pennsylvania Artillery, in the late engagement:

Left camp April 28, about 10 a. m.; took up line of march for the heights in
the rear of Pollock's Mill; reached the heights and went into position about
daylight on the morning of the 29th. Fired 8 rounds of shrapnel during the
morning.

Left this position at 4 p. m. May 1; took position near Traveler's Rest, on
Widow Gray's farm, about 10 a. m.

On the 2nd instant, took up line of march to the United States Ford; crossed
the United States Ford about midnight, and encamped in the woods about 2 miles
beyond the ford.

About 10 a. m. ont he 3rd instant, I received orders from Captain Candler, aide
to General Hooker, to report at General hooker's headquarters with the battery;
found General Meade at headquarters, who ordered me to report to General Couch,
on the road toward Chancellorsville; reported to General Couch, who ordered me
to report to Captain Weed, commanding the artillery. Was assigned a position in
the line of artillery, upon the ground recently occupied as General Hooker's
headquarters; maintained this position until 8 a. m. of the 5th instant.

On the 3rd instant, fired 90 shrapnel, 23 shell, and 46 canister.

On the 4th instant, fired 32 shrapnel, 44 shell, and 20 canister.

On the 3rd instant, First Lieutenant Beldin Spence slightly wounded, 2 men
severely and 4 slightly wounded, and 3 horses killed.

On the 4th instant, 2 men severely wounded.

On the 5th instant, at 8 p. m., I took up line of march and recrossed the river
at the United States Ford, and encamped on the heights for the night.

On the 6th instant, took up line of march for old camp, and encamped on the
night of the 6th at the white house, near headquarters Army of the Potomac.

On the morning of the 7th instant, I received orders from Colonel Wain wright
to report to General Doubleday, commanding Third Division, First Army Corps;
marched with the division to the heights, near Pollock's Mill.

On the 8th instant, I received orders from Colonel Wainwright to join artillery
park of the First Corps, in camp near White Oak Church; joined the same at 4
p. m.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
F. P. AMSDEN,
Captain, Commanding Battery G, First Pennsylvania Artillery.
Major E. W. MATTHEWS,
Chief of Artillery, Third Division, First Army Corps.

Report of Lieutenant Nelson Ames,
Battery G, First New York Light Artillery.

CAMP NEAR FALMOUTH, VA.,
May 9,1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to report that, during the late engagement of the Army of
the Potomac, on the 2nd and 3rd instant, my battery occupied a number of
different positions, but without being actively engaged until the afternoon of
the 3rd.

On the evening of the 2nd, when our lines were driven in, I immediately formed
my battery to the right of the hospital, in the road leading from
Chancellorsville to the United States Ford. After vainly endeavoring to learn
by inquiry what troops, if any, were in my front, I dispatched First Lieutenant
McClellan to the front on a hazardous expedition, to try and find our whether
we had any troops on a hazardous expedition, to try and find out whether we had
any troops in front or not. He proceeded for about a quarter of a mile without
finding any pickets in my immediate front, but found General Sykes' division in
line of battle about 1,000 yards to my left and front. Apprehending that the
enemy might try and surprise the battery under cover of the darkness, I mounted
a heavy guard, under command of a commissioned officer, to prevent a surprise
during the night.

At 3 o'clock on the morning of the 3rd, I was ordered by Lieutenant-Colonel
Morgan, chief of artillery, Second Army Corps, to fall back to the United
States Ford. Shortly after arriving at the ford, I was again ordered to the
front; but, upon again appearing at the front, I received
orders to return again to the ford, as there was no position for the battery.
Shortly after getting to the rear, I received orders from Colonel Wainwright,
who commanded the artillery in the absence of General Hunt, to move to the
front as soon as possible, to relieve Battery K, of the First Ohio Artillery.
Shortly after getting into position, the enemy advanced in line of battle, when
I opened fire with my whole battery with spherical case, with caused the enemy
to fall back. About this time I received an order from Captain Weed to detach
one section of the battery to take position in front of the hospital. I
accordingly ordered Lieutenant McClellan to report to Captain Weed, with the
left section, retaining with me the right and center sections, under command of
Lieutenants [James B.] Hazelton and Goff. The left section remained in front of
the hospital until the evening of the 5th instant, when the whole battery
withdrew from the works, recrossed the river, and arrived in the old camp at 10
a.m. of the 6th instant, without the loss of one man or animal. The loss in
material is very trifling.

In conclusion, I cannot say too much for the conduct of both officers and men
during the whole time, both on the march and while under fire.

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
N. AMES, Lieutenant, First New York Light Artillery,
Commanding Company G.

Report of Captain Alanson M. Randol,
Battery E, First U. S. Artillery.

CAMP NEAR FALMOUTH, VA.,
May 9, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
I have the honor to report that my battery left camp on the 27th
ultimo. Marched with the division to Chancellorsville, where, of Friday, I was
ordered to report with my battery to General Sykes. About 4 p. m. I was ordered
to return to the division, and by direction of General Humphreys placed the
battery in position on the extreme left. I remained in position until the night
of May 5, when I was ordered by General Slocum to recross the Rappahannock,
via the United States Ford. The battery arrived at its old camp near Falmount on
the 6th instant. During the march to Chancellorsville, the rear axle of one of my
caissons broke, owing to the great weight of forage I was ordered by the chief of
artillery to carry on my carriages, but it was promptly repaired during the
night.

During the absence of Captain Weed, I was in command of the corps artillery,
and directed its march, from the position in the rear of Chancellorsville,
across the river. This movement, in itself a very difficult one, the night
being very dark and stormy and the roads almost impassable, was greatly
retarded, my command being twice ordered to return to its former position and
twice countermanded. Finally, General Hunt being absent, I was directed by
General Patrick to move the artillery across the river. Being the ranking
officer present, I ordered Captain Amsden to move on with his battery, and from
that time, as far as I know, the passage of the artillery was almost without
interruption.

I also forward herewith the report of Captain Bernes, commanding Battery C,
First New York Artillery.

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. M. RANDOL,
Captain First U. S. Artillery.
Captain S. H. WEED,
Chief of Artillery, Fifth Army Corps.

Report of Captain William H. McCartney, Battery A.
Massachusetts Light Artillery, Artillery Battalion, First Division.

CAMP, BATTERY A, May 9, 1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to report as follows concerning the operations of this
battery on the 3rd and 4th days of May current:

On the morning of the 3rd, the battery was ordered into position on the left
of the Bowling Green road, and directly in front of the Bernard house. Soon
after reaching that position , the two left guns were engaged in driving back
small bodies of the enemy's infantry, who were evidently trying to from for
attack on the left of this battery, while the four right guns were engaged
with four brass guns saturated in an earthwork about 1,300 yards in front of
the battery. Toward this earthwork was directed the fire of Captain Rigby's
Maryland battery, two guns of Battery A, New Jersey Artillery, and the four
right guns of this battery. Between them all the enemy's four guns were
silenced, one of them at least having been dismounted by a solid shot thrown
from the right gun of this battery. The enemy replaced his brass guns with two
20-pounders and one 10 pounder Parrott into the earthwork from the rear.
Subsequently he undertook to get four other rifled guns into the same work by
the front, but through the combined efforts of the batteries above named he
was unable to get in more than one. After we had been in this position about
two hours, the enemy, having strengthened his picket on the left of this
battery, caused them to advance on it, supported by a regiment of infantry. The
nature of the ground was such that they were not seen until within 100 yards.
The battery then opened on them with canister, with marked effect, the two left
guns using it at not more than 75 yards. They fell back into the Bowling Green road,
badly used up, and the battery, having expended all its ammunition but the
canister in the center and rear boxes of the caissons, which were then absent
for other ammunition, tell back to its position in front of the rifle-pits,
near the pontoon bridge. this battery fired in this position 299 rounds of
solid shot and 253 rounds of case shot, 85 shell used as solid shot, and 48
rounds of canister. The battery lost in this position 1 man killed, 1 wounded,
and 4 horses killed.

In the afternoon, this battery moved through Fredericksburg, over the heights,
and up the Plank read, near Salem Church, and was not engaged again during the
day. Early in the morning of the 4th, this battery was put into position about
200 yards on the left of the Plank road and toll gate, near a large white
house. Soon after reaching this position, the enemy opened on the left section,
which was removed somewhat from the rest of the battery, with 20 pounder
Parrots, at more than 2,000 yards distance. He succeeded in throwing 15
shells, which lodged inside of the at section, but as the limber had been
removed to the right, and as none of this shells burst, they did no harm. At
about 1,000 yards in front of this battery , and directly toward it. The
battery opened on them whit solid shot, forming by battery, which caused them
to recoil in great confusion. They were rallied twice, but were again broken.
The enemy then brought up two brass pieces to the front and left of the
battery, but were utterly unable to get them into position. The men were driven
from the guns by case shot thrown from this battery, and they did not fire a
shot. Subsequently the enemy came from the woods in small squads, for the
purpose of forming and charging on the battery, as I am informed, but the
battery threw case shot at them, and ,instead of charging, they dispersed.

I beg leave to say in this connection that the case shot worked admirably, but
1 round exploding prematurely out of 142 rounds thrown. I was then ordered to
withdraw the battery by section, which was executed, the last section moving
off at about dusk.

This battery fired in this position 24 rounds of solid shot and 142 rounds of
case shot. The battery lost in this position 2 houses killed.

I beg leave to add that the officers and men of this command conducted
themselves at all times as became soldiers, and that from the time the
battery broke camp near the present camp until it returned, not one man of the
battery was at any time absent from this post.

I am, sir, with much respect,
W. H. McCARTNEY,
Captain, Commanding.
Major J. A. TOMPKINS,
Commanding Artillery Brigade.

Report of Lieutenant Augustus N. Parsons,
Battery A, New Jersey Light Artillery.

CAMP NEAR WHITE OAK CHURCH, VA.,
May 9, 1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to make the following report:

On the morning of the 3rd instant, received an order from you to
place the battery in position and within range of the enemy's batteries which
were posted upon the side of the hill below the town of Fredericksburg, which
order I immediately executed, and opened fire upon the enemy, using percussion
and time shell at 5 and 6 degrees' elevation and seven to eight seconds fuse,
with what effect it is impossible for me to say, but I believe the shots from
the battery injured the enemy considerably. The battery fired about 300 rounds,
when, near 11 a. m., I received orders to limber up and follow Captain
McCartney, halting about 1 mile back from the town of Fredericksburg, where I
again received orders to move forward, following Captain Rigby. After moving
along the road for about one-third of a mile, the head of the column was fired
upon by the enemy from a battery placed in the road, near the toll gate. I
immediately turned into the field to the right of the road, for the purpose of
placing the battery in position, but in the meantime Captain Rigby was placing
his battery in position in the same field, so that I could only get three guns
in position to bear upon the enemy's battery. I fired about 50 rounds, 20 of
which were percussion shell, the other time shell and case shot, with three to
four seconds fuse.

I then received orders from General Brooks to move forward along the road, with
the advance of the infantry, when, after moving forward about half of a mile,
the enemy again opened fire from a battery placed in and near the road, to the
left of a large barn. I immediately opened fire upon the enemy with my right
section, and had the other four guns brought up as quickly as possible. I fired
about 50 rounds of shell, the enemy firing about 20 rounds, when they limbered
up and left. Later in the day, when our infantry were repulsed and falling
back, I opened fire over heads of our own men with percussion shell, but as
soon as the enemy were out of the woods and I could fire without endangering
our own men, I used shell and case shot at short range. The firing was very
rapid, and during that part of the action I fired about 600 rounds, from
point-blank to 5 degrees' elevation and one and a halt to six seconds fuse. I
remained in position until 10 p. m., when I was relieved by another battery.

On the 4th instant, about 4 p. m., I was ordered by General Brooks to report to
General Bartlett, which I did, and was ordered to go into battery near a ravine
which was occupied by the enemy's infantry, which were then firing upon our
pickets. I immediately opened fire upon them with shell and case shot at very
short range, and with good effect, which checked the enemy, and caused them to
fall back. At that point, I fired about 400 rounds from four guns, the other
two having been ordered to go to the assistance of General Russell's brigade,
when I received orders from General Bartlett to retire to the river. During
the action of the 3rd and 4th, this battery fired between 1,400 and 1,500
rounds. It is impossible for me to give the exact number of rounds, for the
number and kinds of projectiles, part of the ammunition having been drawn
during the action and packed by the divers of the caissons, the different kinds
not being properly assorted through the ammunition chests.

The battery lost none killed; 1 man was wounded, shot through the leg; lost 2
horses. With one or two exceptions, the men behaved well.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
A. N. PARSONS,
First Lieutenant, Commanding Battery.
Major J. A. TOMPKINS,
Commanding Artillery Brigade.

Report of Captain James H. Rigby,
Battery A, Maryland Light Artillery.

CAMP, BATTERY A, MARYLAND ARTILLERY,
May 9, 1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to report that, on the morning of the 28th of April, I
received an order to report with my battery to Colonel Charles Tompkins, at
the Sands house. I found the colonel about 5 o'clock in the evening, and was
ordered by him to take a position on the heights opposite Fredericksburg. I
left camp about 2.30 a. m., 29th, for the place designated; arrived there, and
placed my battery in position at about 4 a. m. I remained there without having
occasion to fire on the enemy until the evening of May 2, when I was ordered
to cross the river and report to you.

About 6 o'clock on Sunday morning, May 3, I was ordered by you to take a
position in front of two small earthworks, in which the enemy were working
four brass 12-pounders. After a lively engagement of about two hours' duration,
they were compelled to retire, and the forts were immediately occupied by two
20-pounder Parrots. At the same time an attempt was made to re-enforce them
with four 12-pounders, but the solid shot from Captain McCartney's 12-pounders
and the shell from a section of Captain Hexamer's and my own battery fell among
them so thick that I do not think they succeeded in placing more than one of
the guns in position. We remained in this position until the heights in the
rear of Fredericksburg were in possession of our troops, when I was ordered by
General Brooks to proceed to Fredericksburg. In this position I fired 200
Schenkl percussion shell and 250 Schenkl combination shrapnel, at a distance of
1,200 yards; had 1 man and 1 horse wounded. I arrived in the city about 1 p.
m., and rested about three-fourths of an hour, after which started, in company
with the brigade, for the heights. After resting there about half an hour, was
ordered to follow the Third Brigade, First Division. Had not proceeded more
than 1 1\2 miles, when we fell on the enemy's pickets. Just as we reached the
top of a hill in the road, they opened upon us with a rifled gun, at a
distance of about 800 yards. The second shell exploded directly in front of my
right piece, severely wounding Sergt. John Wormsley and killing his horse. My
right piece was immediately thrown forward, and took a position on the left of
the road; the rest of my guns were placed in position on the right of the road,
from which point we delivered a very effective fire, judging from the haste in
which the enemy withdrew his guns. We followed him about a mile, when he made a
stand upon a high ridge in rear of a dense wood. Here a severe engagement took
place between the infantry, the artillery not being very actively engaged,
until near sundown, when the rebels pressed our infantry so hard they were
compelled to retire. At this time I poured shrapnel into them as fast as I
could, and as soon as they came within the range my right section gave them
canister. I w as unable to fire canister from my other guns on account of the
large numbers of our troops directly in front of them. Night ended this
engagement. I the two positions I fired 150 Schenkl percussion shell, 200
Schenkl combination shrapnel, and 10 rounds of canister. I had 1 sergeant
severely wounded, 1 horse killed, and 1 crippled.

The next morning (Monday, May 4). I was ordered to report to General Howe for
duty. I found him about 7 a. m. He placed me in a position on the Banks' Ford
road, about 250 yards to the left of the Plank road.
We remained in this position, inactive, until about 4 p. m., at
which time the rebels attacked us with an overwhelming force, and compelled our
troops to retire. I poured shell into them until they came close enough for
shrapnel, when I poured that into them. They advanced firmly and steadily,
and when they had arrived about 200 yards from the battery, the Twentieth New
York regiment (which was directly in front of me) broke and ran into the
battery. They frightened my horses, and created so much confusion that I could
do nothing. The rebels were still advancing, and ,when they were about 80 yards
from me, I gave the order to limber to the rear. This was done with
considerable difficulty, owing to the confusion created by the broken regiment,
which was still hovering around the battery. The horses attached to one of my
limbers became unmanageable and ran away, leaving the piece on the field. As
soon as I perceived this, I drew my saber, and, by hard blows, forced the
infantry to assist in drawing the piece from the field, which was done by
attaching a prolonged. They drew it about 200 yards, where I found the limber.
The rebels were driven back by the Third Vermont Regiment. I immediately joined
the rest of my battery, and moved to the left of the line, where I met
Colonel Thompkins, who placed me in position, where I remained until dark, when
I was ordered by General Howe to proceed to the river and report to General
Brooks. I found General Brooks; he placed me in position, where I remained
until about midnight, when I was ordered to cross the river.

In the last engagement I fired 82 Schenkl percussion shell, 93 Schenkl
combination shrapnel, and had 1 man wounded and 2 horses crippled. You will
perceive that I have fired 985 projectiles, had 1 sergeant and 2 privates
wounded, 1 horse killed and 4 wounded.

I am happy to say that my gunners have proved themselves excellent marksmen, my
men have behaved exceedingly well, my officers performed their duties with
gallantry, and I am pound to say are an honor to the State which calls them her
sons.

I am, sir, most respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAS. H. RIGBY,
Captain Battery A, Maryland Artillery.
Major J. A. TOMPKINS,
Chief of Artillery, First Division, Sixth Army Corps.

Report of Lieutenant Leonard Martin,
Battery F, Fifth U. S. Artillery.

CAMP NEAR WHITE OAK CHURCH, VA.,
May 9, 1863.

MAJOR:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken in the
recent engagement by Battery F, Fifth Artillery:

On the night of May 2, it crossed the Rappahannock. Previous to that, while on
the river, it had been in position at different points along the flats opposite
the position of General Brooks' division, for the purpose of protecting the
flanks of that command. On the morning of May 3, having moved to a point a
little below and near Fredericksburg, after an attack on the height immediately
in rear of that place had been made and repulsed, a position was taken so as to
fire both upon those heights and those still farther below, along which
artillery could be discerned. Until the attack by which the
heights were taken (about 10 a. m.) was made, a desultory firing was kept up,
in which, as shown by subsequent investigation, the enemy suffered severely.
Occupying such commanding points, and protected by earthworks, the enemy had an
immense advantage over us, as only extremely accurate shot could harm him in
the least. In the successful attack, I regard the artillery as taking no mean
part. The rapidity and accuracy of its fire kept the enemy from working his
guns with the effect their position warranted.

The battery followed closely on the infantry in its attack, and came into
position on the crest only a few seconds after its capture. A battery of eight
guns of the enemy opened upon us immediately on our arrival, at the close range
of 600 yards. The fire upon us for a short time was terrific. It only, however,
required fifteen minutes to dislodge them. What injury was sustained by them
could not be ascertained.

The enemy attacked us in position on the left of the line early Monday morning.
One section, the light 12-pounder guns, had been placed to command the approach
of the heights. The section then had no support between it and the enemy. There
was but a thin line of skirmishers; about 60, I believe. He charged the heights
with four regiments, and was repulsed by the fire of the 12-pounders and the
few skirmishers. The practice of the artillery was magnificent.

in the afternoon, about 5 p. m., the enemy threw his whole force upon us. One
section of the Parrot guns had been brought over and placed near the light
12-pounder section, to protect the left. The remaining section (Parrots) was
some half mile on the right, near the right of the division. While the enemy
was advancing, the four guns on the left, over which I had more particular
control, kept up a sharp enfilading fire upon him. The different positions were
taken by them as their advance rendered necessary. All the ammunition in the
light 12-pounders was expended, and nearly all in the Parrot guns, which could
do but little execution against the approach of infantry. I only left my
position for the rear when the enemy was nearly upon us on three sides. On the
front and on the left the enemy's infantry was not more than 15 yards distant.

I cannot too highly praise the conduct of both officers and men under fire.
Lieutenant McDonald, in command of the light 12-pounders, did fine service
through the day. Lieutenant Hickox, with me on the left, and Lieutenant Simon,
on the right, displayed great coolness and gallantry. All of them deserve
promotion.

I am, major, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
LEONARD MARTIN,
First Lieutenant Fifth Artillery, Commanding.
Major J. WATTS DE PEYSTER,
Chief of Artillery, Second Division, Second Army Corps.

Report of Major Ezra W. Matthews,
First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery.

HDQRS. ARTILLERY, THIRD DIV., FIRST ARMY CORPS,
May 10, 1863.

GENERAL:
I have the honor to inclose the reports of the operations of Batteries
B, F and G, First Pennsylvania Artillery, from April 29 to may 6.

While in position at the lower crossing of the Rappahannock, opposite the
Fitzhugh house, they were engaged, on April 29 and 30, and may 1 and 2, in
shelling the rifle-pits and in replying to the enemy's heavy guns (20-pounder
Parrotts) at long range; no loss at this point.

On the 2nd instant, they marched with the First Corps to and across the United
States Ford.

On the 3rd, Captain Amsden, commanding Battery G, took position in the front
line of the Second Army Corps, near the white house, at one time occupied as
headquarters by General Hooker. Here he was constantly annoyed by the enemy's
sharpshooters, and during the several engagements lost 2 men severely wounded,
1 officer and 4 men slightly wounded, and 3 horses killed. On the afternoon of
the 3rd, Captain Ricketts took position in front of General Meade's
headquarters, on the left of the Fifth Corps and on the right of the Second.
This position was attacked several times, and was exposed to the constant fire
of the sharpshooters of the enemy, but, by removing his horses to the rear and
throwing up earth works in front, Captain Ricketts suffered no loss whatever.
General Whipple was standing near this position when shot by one of the enemy's
sharpshooters.

Captain Cooper did not move to the front, but on the 5th recrossed the river
and took position on the left bank below the ford, where he threw a few shells
at the enemy's batteries at long range; he suffered no loss.

On the 6th instant, the batteries returned to camp near their present position
at White Oak Church. Officers and men behaved well, with one exception, an
attached infantryman, of Battery F, who feigned sickness and did not cross the
river; he will be brought to trial. The batteries are ready for further
operations.

I have the honor to be, general, your obedient servant,
E. W. MATTHEWS, Major, Commanding Artillery,
Third Division, First Army Corps.

Report of Captain James H. Cooper,
Battery B, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery.

May 10th, 1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to make the following report of the action of Battery B,
First Pennsylvania Artillery, from April 29 to May 7:

The battery was ordered into position on the morning of April 29 on the left
bank of the Rappahannock, a short distance below the Bernard
house, and to the right of the bridges. At about 8.30 a. m., by order of
Colonel Wainwright, the rifle-pits of the enemy, on the opposite shore, were
shelled slowly for about one hour. During the firing 79 projectiles were
expended, of which 30 were Schenkl percussion, 30 Hotchkiss time shell, and 19
Hotchkiss case-shot. Most of the percussion, 30 Hotchkiss time-shell, and 19
Hotchkiss case-shot. Most of the percussion shell struck in and about the pits
and exploded. A small proportion did not explode. The Hotchkiss shell and
case-shot worked well, most of them exploding at or near the point fired upon.
The battery remained at the place above designated without further action until
the morning of May 2, at 10 a. m., when it took up the line of march for the
United States Ford, where it crossed the river and parked three-eights of a
mile from the bank until May 5. At 10 a. m., by order of Captain Best, it
recrossed the river and was posted on the bank of the river, 1 mile below the
United Sated Ford, where it remained until about 10 a. m., May 6, when the
enemy opened a battery to our right and front, about 1,500 yards distant.

This battery was beyond a crest of a hill, firing down a ravine at Thompson's
and Knap's batteries. We could see nothing but the smoke of their guns rising
above the crest of the hill, and the projectiles were fired at such an
elevation as to go over the hill, and the effect could not be observed. This
engagement lasted about one hour, in which 73 projectiles were fire, of which
120 were Hotchkiss time-shell, 12 Schenkl percussion, and 51 Hotchkiss
case-shot. At 5.30 p. m. the battery withdrew from this position, and went into
camp near the Warrenton pike.

On the morning of the 7th instant, it marched to its present camp near Whit Oak
Church, where it arrived at 5 p. m.

No casualties occurred to the men or officers of the battery during these
operations. The materials lost were 1 horse (left exhausted); 4 tar-buckets and
4 watering-buckets were lost on the march.

J. H. COOPER,
Captain, Pennsylvania Artillery, Commanding Battery B.
Colonel C. S. WAINWRIGHT,
Chief of Artillery, First Army Corps.

Report of Lieutenant Edward B. Williston,
Battery D, Second U. S. Artillery.

CAMP IN THE FIELD, May 10, 1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the park taken by this
battery in the action on the south side of the Rappahannock between the 29th
day of April and the 6th day of May, 1863:

At 1 p. m. on the 28th of April, I was detached from the First Division, Sixth
Corps, and ordered to report to Colonel Tompkins, First Rhode Island Artillery,
chief of corps artillery, at Sands' house. I moved the battery to the place
designated as soon as possible, and reported, as ordered, at 6 p. m. of same
day. I was ordered to hold my battery in readiness to protect, with Seeley's
battery of the Fourth U. S. Artillery, the bridge builders at pollock's house.

On the morning of the 29th, the rifle-pits on the opposite side of the river
having been occupied by our infantry, I moved my guns over and
put them in position within the principal work. By order of General Brooks,
commanding First Division, Sixth Corps, I took every precaution against any
right attack. The battery remained in this work until daylight on the morning
of Sunday, May 3, when I was ordered to report to General Russell, at the
Bernard house, by Major Tompkins, First Rhode Island Artillery, commanding
division artillery. The battery was moved forward, and halted under the
protection of of a slight rise of ground. During the time it remained in this
position, it was subjected to a severe artillery fire from a 20-pounder rifle
battery, which result in the death of 1 of my men, who was almost
instantaneously killed by one of the enemy's shot.

At 10 a. m. I was ordered to move toward Fredericksburg. Soon after arriving
in the city, the battery moved forward on the Chancellorsville road. When near
Salem Churh, the enemy being in great force, Major Tompkins ordered forward a
section from my battery at a gallop, to take position at the toll-gate. On
arriving on the ground designated, I found that the enemy in heavy force were
slowly driving back our infantry in a large open field on the right of the
road. By holding the fire from the section for a few moments, I was enabled to
fire into the extreme right flank of the enemy, his front being in prolongation
of our line of sight. The first shot fired was spherical case, with one and
three fourths [seconds] of time, which burst splendidly, causing the enemy to
waver. Finding the time and elevation to be right, I fired 16 rounds of case as
rapidly as possible. The effect of this fire proved so disastrous to the rebels
that they retreated in great confusion, and crossed the road to the left-hand
side. During the time they were crossing, 13 round shot were fired down the
road, which was perfectly straight for a long distance, and very hard, being
peculiarly suited for ricochet firing. The enemy railhead on the left side of
the road, but were dislodged by several round shot and shell. During this
action, the enemy carried a large red battle-flag, crossed with white, which
was knocked down twice by shots from by section. The firing ceased for some ten
minutes, when the enemy, appearing suddenly in the road, in what appeared
great force, and with the evident intention of charging the section, I fired
canister at them with great rapidity for several minutes, the effect of which
was of such a character as to cause them to fall back under cover. The enemy
at this time could not have been more than 300 yards distant.

Soon after dark, I was relieved by Butler's battery (G, Second U. S.
Artillery), and moved to the rear. During the time that this section was
engaged at the toll-gate, the other four guns, commanded by Second Lieutenant
C. N. Warner, of the battery, moved to the left, and materially aided in the
repulse of the enemy by Bartlett's brigade, of the First Division. Lieutenant
Warner had 2 horses killed.

From the night of the 3rd, nothing occurred, so far as the battery was
concerned, until it crossed the river at Banks' Ford, about 1 o'clock on the
morning of the 5th.

At 10 a. m. I was again detached from the corps and ordered to proceed to
Richards' Ford, on the river, above Hartwood Church, to prevent the enemy
from crossing at that point.

On the 7th, received orders to rejoin my division, and arrived in camp, near
While Oak Church, Va., about noon on the 8th instant.

I cannot too highly commend Lieutenant Warner, Second U. S. Artillery, and
Sergeants [William] Scott and [Thomas] Wright,commanding sections, for the
gallantry and coolness they manifested during the action. Sergeant [Samuel]
Bollinger, acting chief of caissons, deserves credit for the manner in which
he conducted himself.

The non-commissioned officers and men acted nobly, and I saw no indication of
fear, although the battery was exposed to a severe infantry fire. Nothing was
lost or abandoned worthy of mention.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
EDWARD B. WILLISTON,
First Lieutenant Second U. S. Artillery, Commanding Company D.
Major J. A. TOMPKINS,
Chief of Artillery, First Division, Sixth Army Corps.

Report of Cap. Clermont L. Best,
Fourth U. S. Artillery, Chief of Artillery.

STAFFORD COURT-HOUSE VA.,
May 10, 1863.

COLONEL:
I have the honor to submit the following movements and operations of
the artillery arm of the Twelfth Corps in the interval of their departure and
return to this point:

The corps broke camp on Monday morning, 27th ultimo, one battery, in accordance
with orders, moving with each of the two divisions-M, of the First New York
Artillery, with the first, and Knap's (pennsylvania) battery with the Second
Division. the remaining three batteries-Hampton's, K, First New York, and F,
Fourth U. S. Artillery-were directed to remain and move with the corps wagon
train, and subsequently joined the command at Chancellorsville on Thursday, the
30th. Up to the time of this junction I need say nothing of movements or
operations of the artillery, since they were quite unimportant compared with
the trying times so near at hand.

On Friday, May 1, the corps commenced a cautious movement from Chancellorsville
on the Plank road toward Fredericksburg, one battery (and the same as
previously mentioned) accompanying each division.

After preceding about 2 miles, the enemy was felt, evidently in some force, and
commenced disputing the advance with his artillery. By direction of the general
commanding, I advanced Knap's battery to a suitable point, opening a slow but
effective fire; posted Lieutenant Winegar's six guns suitably, and sent back
for Battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, which soon came up, and was posted near
Knap's.

Soon after these dispositions the whole command was recalled to
Chancellorsville. While retiring, the general commanding directed me to proceed
to Chancellorsville, and post the corps batteries in such positions for defense
against the probable following enemy as might be deemed judicious. Accordingly,
I placed Knap's, Hampton's, and one section (under Lieutenant Muhlenberg) of
Battery F at the intersecting point at Chancellorsville of the roads leading to
Fredericksburg, and the other four pieces of Battery F with Fitzhugh and
Winegar, on the rising and open ground on the Gordonsville front. Thus we had
fourteen pieces on each front, on one or both of which the attack must occur,
and did occur on both in the afternoon. The enemy was effectually checked or
repulsed in each case Knap's battery being most engaged, and doing its work, as
usual, well. A section of Knap's battery was pushed down (a hazardous
experiment) the Plank road without my knowledge, by order of General Geary,
among the enemy's skirmishers, but was soon recalled by the general commanding.
Lieutenant Atwell was wounded in this movement. Lieutenant Muhlenberg's light
12-pounders were of great service on this front during this and subsequent
days, sweeping the woods and road with their heavy fire, canister included.
Lieutenant Muhlenberg behaved with great discretion and gallantry during al the
engagements, having at the last nearly all his cannoneers wounded and horses
nearly all killed. I think he will deserves the favorable consideration of the
Government.

The batteries all maintained the positions specified until Saturday afternoon,
when the Eleventh Corps was suddenly routed, and came fleeing in disordered and
bewildered masses toward Chancellorsville. Having no doubt the enemy would
follow in force, I gathered all our batteries, save Knap's and Lieutenant
Muhlenberg's section, massing them on the ridge in rear of our First Division,
and posting in position with them some of the fragments of the Eleventh Corps
batteries, until I had 34 guns in what may be termed the key-point of the
battle-field. The general commanding soon after came up, approved the
disposition and kindly authorized me to open fire whenever I deemed it
necessary The necessity soon occurred, for there was no doubt that the enemy
was in force in the woods between 600 yards and a mile in our front. I was
obliged to fire over the heads of our infantry force, ranged in parallel lines
about 500 yards in front. It was an operation of great delicacy, this cannonade
of 34 guns over the heads of our men, but it was a matter of necessity, and was
promptly and fully executed.

Ut to near 10 o'clock at night the cannonading at intervals was terrific, and,
in my opinion, contributed much to checking the bold and elated enemy. So far
as I can learn, and I am happy to record it, not one of our men was killed by
our fire, or, indeed, wounded. That night I intrenched all my guns, the digging
subsequently proving much protection.

Early Sunday morning, the enemy commenced the attack, evidently determined to
carry that point, and all my batteries again opening on their masses.

Here I beg leave to offer an opinion. Our position could not have been forced
had the flanks of our line of guns been successfully maintained. An important
point-an open field about a mile to our left and front, guarded by a brigade of
our troops (not of the Twelfth Corps) and a battery-was seemingly taken by a
small force of the enemy and the battery captured and turned on us with fearful
effect, blowing up one of our caissons, killing Captain Hampton, and enfilading
General Geary's line. It was most unfortunate. My line of guns, however, kept
to its work manfully until about 9 a. m., when, finding our infantry in front
withdrawn, our right and left turned, and the enemy's musketry already so
advanced as to pick off our men and horses, I was compelled to withdraw my guns
to save them. We were also nearly exhausted of ammunition.

While retiring, I was directed by the chief of artillery of the army to take
the batteries to the brick hospital near the ford, to replenish them, and to
remain in person to take charge of all the batteries of our own and other corps
there massed, where I remained so engaged until
Tuesday, the 5th, when General Hunt directed me to cross all the batteries, and
select positions to protect the recrossing of the army, which I did with about
fifty guns, eighteen of our own being among the number, including Captain
Knap's, to whom I gave the most important point, and which he protected well.

Let the general commanding be assured I am well pleased with our artillery in
these terrific conflicts from first to last, and I hope he is.

To Captains Knap and Fitzhugh I am much indebted for valuable assistance, the
battery of the former being almost constantly engaged. They speak in high terms
of their subordinate officers and conduct of their men, to which, as far as I
can, I bear cordial witness, and to whom I tender my admiration and thanks.

Lieutenant Smith, Battery M, First New York Artillery, assisted me much in the
transmission of orders during Saturday and Sunday. Lieutenant Winegar, in the
desire to remover a lost caisson, rode into the enemy's line on Sunday
afternoon and was captured. Captain Hampton was wounded on Sunday morning about
8 o'clock, and died soon after. For the eighteen months in which I have been
associated with him I have found him, particularly in battle, brave and devoted
to his duty.

Lieutenant Crosby, commanding Battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, was killed
about 9 a. m. by a musket-ball while fighting his guns. My pen almost refuses
to record his untimely death. Young, ambitious, highly educated, efficient as
an artillery officer, unexceptionable in his habits and character, a Christian,
practicing as he believed, the service lost an officer of great value, and it
seems yet a dream that his gallant heart is hushed forever.

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. L. BEST,
Captain, and Chief of Artillery, Twelfth Army Corps.

GENERAL ORDERS, } HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
Numbers 53.} Camp near Falmouth, Va., May 12, 1863.

The flag for the headquarters of the Artillery Reserve will be of the same
size and shape as heretofore prescribed for headquarters infantry corps, red,
with cross-cannon white.

By command of Major-General Hooker:
S. WILLIAMS,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

SPECIAL ORDERS,} HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
Numbers 129.} Camp near Falmouth, Va., May 12, 1863.

I. In consequence of the reduction of the strength of the infantry of the
division, a consolidation and reduction of the artillery attached to army
corps will be effected.

The artillery assigned to each corps will constitute a brigade, under the
command of the chief of artillery of the corps for its command and
administration.

The following-named batteries, now serving with divisions of this army, will
report without delay to Brigadier General Robert O. Tyler, commadning
Artillery Reserve:

Batteries E and G, First U.S. Artillery, Captain Randol commanding; Batteries F
and K, Third U.S. Artillery, Lieutenant Turnbull commanding; Battery C, Fourth
U.S. Artillery,Lieutenant Thomas commanding; Battery C, Fifth U.S. Artillery,
Captain Ransom commanding; Battery D, Fifth U.S. Artillery, Lieutenant Hazlett
Battery C, First Rhode Island Artillery, substituted for Battery D, Fifth U.S. Artillery,
May 13.commanding; Battery F, Fifth U.S. Artillery, Lieutenant Martin commanding;
Battery B, First New York Artillery, Captain Pettit commanding; Battery G, First New
York Artillery, Lieutenant Ames commanding; Battery K, First New York
Artillery, Captain Fitzhugh commanding; First New York Independent Battery,
Captain Cowan commanding; Tenth New York Independent Battery, Captain Bruen
commanding; Eleventh New York Independent Battery, Captain von Puttkammer
commanding; Battery F, First Pennsylvania Artillery, Lieutenant Ricketts
commanding; Battery G, First Pennsylvania Artillery, Captain Amsden commanding;
Third Independent Pennsylvania Battery, Lieutenant Fleming commanding; Fourth
Independent Pennsylvania Battery, Captain Thompson commanding; Battery A, First
New Hampshire Artillery, Lieutenant Edgell commanding; Battery A, First
Maryland Artillery, Captain Rigby commanding; Battery E, First Massachusetts
Artillery, Captain Philips commanding; Battery H, First Ohio Artillery,
Captain Huntington commanding; Battery C, First [West] Virginia Artillery,
Captain Hill commanding; Sixth Independent Maine Battery, Lieutenant E.B. Dow
commanding; Battery G, First Rhode Island Artillery, Captain Bloodgood
commanding.

II. The under-mentioned field officers of artillery will report to Brigadier
General R. O. Tyler, commanding Artillery Reserve:

Major Tompkins, First Rhode Island Artillery; Major De Peyester, First New York
Artillery; Major McGilvery, Maine Artillery; Major Matthews, First Pennsylvania
Artillery.

III.The batteries remaining with the corps will be completed to a thorough
state of efficiency (with the number of guns they now have) by the transfer of
sufficient of such men of the remaining [other] batteries of the corps as are
attached from the infantry.

IV. The artillery ammunition train of the batteries attached to corps will be
organized, and placed under the direction of the commander of artillery of the
corps; the surplus will be transferred to the Artillery Reserve.

By command of Major-General Hooker:
S. WILLIAMS,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

Report of Captain A. Judson Clark,
First New Jersey Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery.

CAMP NEAR POTOMAC CREEK, VA.,
May 12, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
In obedience to orders received from you, I have the honor to make
the following report of the part taken by the artillery of this division in
the recent movement of the army:

Wednesday, April 29.-Battery B, First New Jersey Artillery, was transferred
from the Second Division to the First Division, Third Army Corps, and, by order
of General Birney, I assumed command of the artillery of the division. At
that time the batteries were lying near the banks of the Rappahannock, below
Fredericksburg, and near the pontoon bridges.

During the afternoon of the 30th, the batteries marched to near Berea Church,
by General Birney's orders, where they bivouacked for the night.

At 6.30 next morning (May 1), they started again for the United States
Ford, which place they reached, crossing the river during the forenoon of the
same day, and, after a short rest, proceeded to near the white house, about a
quarter of a mile from Chancellorsville. Batteries F, and K, Third U.S.
Artillery, Lieutenant Turnbull, commanding, were immediately ordered to
report to General Graham for picket duty, about 2 miles to the right of the
Chancellor house, on the Plank road. Toward the latter part of the day Birney's
division was placed near to the Chancellor house . One of the batteries, B,
First New Jersey Artillery, Lieutenant Sims commanding, was placed on the
right of the division. This battery was shortly after relieved by Turnbull's
(F and K, Third U.S. Artillery), which came in at that time, the picket being
relieved in consequence of the ground being held by General Howard, Eleventh
Corps. During the evening of the same day, General Birney moved his division
up the Plank road about three-quarters of a mile, and, by his direction, I
placed three guns of Battery B, Lieutenant Sims, on the edge of the woods,
about a quarter of a mile to the left of the Plank road.

About 8 o'clock next morning, one section of this battery was placed on the
brow of the hill in front of the position of the previous night, and near the
ruins of an old house, when it opened fire, apparently with much effect, on
a column of rebel troops which was passing the brow of the hill about 1 1/2
miles instant. Two more guns of the same battery were ordered there, and a
section, under Lieutenant Clark, placed on the extreme right of the opening,
for the same purpose. Some two or three hours after this, Batteries F and K,
Third U.S. Artillery (Turnbull's), and, a short time after, Jastram's (E,
First Rhode Island Artillery), were placed in position near General Birney's
headquarters, in the open field near the woods. Toward the latter part of the
afternoon, Birney's division having advanced meanwhile beyond the hill which
lay in our front, I was ordered to send a battery to the front immediately, to
silence a battery which, from a point about 1,400 yards distant, near a
dwelling-house, was annoying our advance seriously. Lieutenant Turnbull was
sent, with his guns alone, leaving the occasions in the rear, and went into
battery under fire of the rebel guns near an old foundry. There seemed much
unnecessary confusion when the battery came into action, although there was
some reason for it on account of the small place in which they were obliged to
go into position.

Captain Randolph, chief of artillery of the Third Corps, who was present, aided
in getting the battery at work. The firing was very good and well sustained
until the ammunition was expended from their limbers, when the battery retired.
Jastram's battery was then sent to relieve it, but before it reached the spot
the rebel battery had disappeared. Leaving a section near the foundry to shell
the woods as General Whipple advanced on the left, Lieutenant Jastram, with
the remaining four guns, advanced with the First Division to the front and
right, and shelled the woods in the immediate front until nearly dark, when
orders were received to go back to the ground occupied during the day.

While this was taking in the front with General Birney, the enemy, which had
massed during the day on our right (held by General Howard, Eleventh Corps),
attacked him vigorously, and soon the close proximity of the firing and torrent
of fleeing officers and soldiers told the story that the corps had become
panic-stricken and were being routed. The batteries` which had been left in the
open field near the woods, by direction of General Pleasonton, changed front
to fire to the rear, and, with Martin's (Sixth New York) horse battery, soon
commenced firing. The supports were a few cavalry , placed in rear by
General Pleasonton. Here the batteries were warmly engaged, but, although
hindered greatly by the stragglers from the Eleventh Corps flocking through,
the battery sustained their part so well that the enemy were compelled to keep
the woods. The firing ceased here about 8 o'clock, and shortly after Battery E,
First Rhode Island (Jastram's), came in front the front and was placed in
position by Captain Randolph, chief of artillery of the corps. The First
Division had arrived on the ground meanwhile, and was rapidly forming. About
midnight, an attack was made in our front, which opened fully our communication
with general headquarters.

Just as day was breaking next morning, I was ordered by Captain Randolph to
take the batteries to the open field near the Chancellor house, and four
pieces of Battery E, First Rhode Island (Lieutenant Jastram), were placed in
an unoccupied position of the small earthworks, about 800 yards to the right
of the Chancellor house, and to the left of the Plank road . Battery B, First
New Jersey (Lieutenant Sims), was put in position soon after to the left of
this, in the same line of batteries, some three or four of Best's batteries
(Twelfth Corps) lying between the two. Here the batteries were very hotly
engaged, and fought gallantly, sustaining a heavy loss both in men and horses.

About 9 o'clock, Sims's battery was ordered to retire by General Sickles, as
their ammunition was entirely expended and none now could be obtained.
Shortly after this, the line of support commenced falling back, and, by order
of General Birney, Jastram's battery was withdrawn from its position. A section
of this battery, under Lieutenant Bucklyn, which had not previously been in
action, was, by order of Captain Randolph, placed in position near the
Chancellor house, with four guns of Seeley's battery (K, Fourth United States),
to check the advance of the enemy as our line fell back to its new position.
Here they gallantly maintained their position, under a terrible fire, until
their ammunition was expended. Many cannoneers had been killed and wounded,
and most of their horses killed. One gun could not be removed, but was
disabled by an ax before it was left.

The batteries were subsequently withdrawn to near the United States Ford, where
they remained until the morning of the 4th, when I was ordered by General Hunt
to send two of them back to their camp near
Falmouth. Those batteries were E, First Rhode Island and Turnbull's F and K,
Third United States. The remaining battery (Sims') was placed in position near
the ford by Colonel Doull, of General Hunt's staff, where it remained until
late in the afternoon of the 5th. It was then relieved and sent back to camp.

I am, captain , your obedient servant,
A. JUDSON CLARK,
Captain 1st N.J. Arty., Chief of Arty., 1st Div., 3rd Army Corps.

Report of Lieutenant Colonel Charles H. Morgan,
Assistant Inspector-General and Chief of Artillery.

HEADQUARTERS SECOND CORPS,
May 14, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by
the artillery of this corps in the late movement of the army:

On the morning of April 28, the following batteries moved to Banks' Ford:
Kirby's, I, First United State; Cushing's, A, Fourth United States; Thomas;, C,
Fourth United States; Arnold's, A, First Rhode Island, and Pettit's, B, First
New York. The following batteries remained with General Gibbon's command near
Falmouth: Adams', G, First Rhode Island, and Hazard's, B, First Rhode Island.
Ames' battery (G, First New York) accompanied Carroll's brigade of infantry to
the United States Ford.

On the 29th, the five batteries first mentioned moved to the United States
Ford, and on the 30th, together with Ames' battery, crossed the river, parking
for the night near the Chandler house.

On the morning of May 1, Arnold's battery was sent out on the Fredericksburg
road, and, under the direction of Captain Weed, Fifth U. S. Artillery, chief of
artillery, Fifth Corps, assisted in covering the withdrawal of Sykes' division
from its advanced position. One section of Cushing's battery, under Lieutenant
Canby, was also in position for the same purpose.

On May 2, one section of Pettit's battery was detached with the Irish Brigade
near ---- ---- Mills. About 5 p. m. the remainder of this battery relieved
Knap's battery, near the Chancellor house, and soon after became engaged with
a battery ont he Fredericksburg road, with no loss on our side. Kirby's battery
was parked across the road near the Chancellor house until about 9 p. m., when
it, with Cushing's battery, was placed in position to the right of the Plank
road and beyond the Chancellor house, under direction of Captain Comstock, U.
S. Engineers. Three pieces of Thomas' battery, under Lieutenant Thomas, were in
position in the same vicinity, the other three pieces being placed along
General Hancock's line, under Lieutenant O'Donohue (Hogan's battery).

At 3 a. m. on the morning of the 3rd, all the artillery of the corps, excepting
Pettit's battery and three pieces of Thomas', were sent to the vicinity of the
United States Ford, by direction of Major-General Couch. The enemy driving in
our lines on the right, in the direction of the Plank road, these batteries
changed front to rear. O'Donohue's pieces were occupied from time to time in
shelling the woods to their left. Pettit's battery was not able to fire while
our troops still held the ridge on his front, and he was moved by me to a point
near the Chandler house, and placed in battery to shell the woods through which
the enemy were endeavoring to force their way. He was almost immediately
recalled, however, by Major-General Couch, our lines having given way and the
enemy's artillery being advanced to the same ridge occupied by ours during the
morning. I returned with this battery and placed it in position, and remained
with it and O'Donohue's pieces long enough to satisfy myself that both officers
and men were acquitting themselves handsomely. I noticed particularly the
gallantry of Lieutenant O'Donohue, afterward wounded and left in the hands of
the enemy.

Having previously received orders from General Hooker to bring up all the
batteries of the corps which had not been engaged, I endeavored to get up
Cushing's, Arnold's, and Kirby's, with the intention of putting in every gun
that could be worked; but as the head of the
column arrived at the Chandler house, I met our troops falling back, the ground
in dispute having ben yielded to the enemy. I do not think it could have been
held by any number of guns I could have placed in the contracted ground near
the Chancellor house. The enemy's position was greatly superior, and our
batteries were subjected to a direct enfilading and reverse fire. The Fifth
maine Battery was in position near the Chancellor house. I am not familiar with
its history during the morning, except that it was exposed to a most
destructive fire, badly cut up, and the five pieces finally brought off by hand
by the infantry of Hancock;s division. Lieutenant Kirby was placed in command
of it about 9 a. m. by General Couch, and was dangerously wounded, as was the
permanent commander of the battery and two of the subalterns. It is due to the
brave and gallant Kirby that a permanent record be made of his conduct. His
thigh was fractured by a ball from a spherical case shot, yet when it was
proposed to move him from the field he exclaimed, "No! take off that gun
first."

I understand that some dissatisfaction has been expressed that the batteries
near the Chancellor house did not disregard the fire against them and turn
their attention to the rebel infantry in the woods near by, but from whose fire
they were suffering little or nothing. My own judgment is that the only thing
that could have enabled us to hold the ground was to have silenced the enemy's
batteries. Their fire was so accurate and so heavy that a battery exposed to
it and not replying to it, especially if the battery was required to uncover
entirely and expose itself to a flank fire, would have been disabled (as was
Leppien's battery) in short order. The experiment would have cost us either
guns or a great many men killed and wounded in running them off by hand.

I would mention the officers and men of Pettit's battery and Lieutenants
O'Donohue and Field and the men of Thomas' battery for good conduct. The latter
battery lost one caisson, the horses being disabled and no time to replace
them, and the former ha done caisson blown up.

Kirby's battery (Lieutenant Woodruff) and Ames' battery were in position near
the Chandler house, under Captain Weed, Fifth U. S. Artillery, during the
remainder of the day and until the troops were withdrawn. Ames was engaged, but
suffered no loss.

On Tuesday morning the three rifle batteries were placed in position to cover
the removal of the bridges.

The batteries reoccupied their old camps by Wednesday morning, May 7.

Adams' battery and Hazard's (under Lieutenant Brown) were both engaged at
Fredericksburg ont eh 3rd. The first named was under a very heavy fire and
suffered severely, as will be seen by the accompanying table . Great credit is
due Captain Adams. Lieutenants Torslow, Allen, Kelly (dead), and Chase, for the
manner in which they discharged their duties. Lieutenants Allen and Torslow
were slightly wounded, but did not leave the field. Lieutenant Kelley lived by
a few hours after being struck. Hazard's battery was not so warmly engaged, and
its loss was inconsiderable. Officers and men acquitted themselves well.

Inclosed herewith are the reports of battery commanders and a tabulated
statement of the losses of men* and material as far as ascertained.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. H. MORGAN,
Lieutenant-Colonel, Insp. General and Chief of Art., Second Corps.

Report of Captain Michael Wiedrich,
Battery I, First New York Light Artillery.

CAMP NEAR STAFFORD COURT-HOUSE, VA.,
May 14, 1863.

SIR:
I have the honor to forward the following report of the part taken by my
battery in the action on the enemy of May 2:

Late in the evening on the 30th ultimo, we arrived near Dowdall's
Tavern, when I was directed by Colonel Buschbeck, commanding First Brigade, to
take a position south of the Plank road leading from Gordonsville to
Fredericksburg, with his brigade.

On the evening of May 1, I received orders from Major-General Howard to place
one section of my battery in rear of his headquarters, which I did. When, on
the evening of May 2, the firing commenced on our right, we were for some time
prevented from opening fire, first, on account of the thick woods some distance
in front of the battery, which prevented us from getting sight of the enemy,
and, secondly, when the enemy got in sight, our infantry, while retiring,
rushed in such masses in front and past the battery that it prevented us for
some time again to open fire. As soon as the infantry was out of our way, we
opened with canister with good effect, and checked the advance of the enemy for
a few minutes. Soon he advanced again in greater numbers, and, seeing that they
were getting in our left flank, I gave the order to limber up and retire. In
the act of limbering, all the cannoneers but 1 of one piece were wounded, and
we were compelled to leave it on the field. On another one, after being
limbered up and in the act of driving away, the 3 hand-horses and 1
saddle-horse were killed, and we had to leave this also. On another, 2 horses
were killed, but, by the exertions and good behavior of the men, we succeeded
in bringing it off with 2 horses.

In this action I had 1 man killed, 10 wounded, and 2 missing.

We retired to near the white house, where I refitted the remainder of my
battery as well as I could for further action. I am happy to say that all
officers and men behaved well during the engagement.

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
M. WIEDRICH,
Commanding Battery I, First Regiment New York Light Artillery.

Report of Captain William A. Arnold,
Battery A, First Rhode Island Light Artillery.

HDQRS. BATTERY A, FIRST RHODE ISLAND ARTILLERY,
May 15,1863.

CAPTAIN:
Battery A, First Rhode Island Artillery, left camp near Falmouth, on
the morning of April 28,1863, and marched to Banks' Ford; camped for the night
within 1 mile of the ford.

April 29.- Marched for United States Ford, and halted for the night about 4
miles from the bank of the river.

April 30.- Moved at 10 o'clock toward the ford, and crossed the river in the
afternoon with General French's division; marched about 4 miles in the
directions of Chancellorsville, and camped for the night in an open field
one-half mile from Chancellorsville.

May 1.- Moved from camp in rear of General Hays' brigade, and halted near
Chancellor's house. At 2 o'clock was sent to the support of General Sykes, who
was engaging the enemy about 2 miles from Chancellorsville, on the road to the
left of the Plank road. Went into position to the left of the road, and
expended 26 rounds of ammunition; 5 p.m., retired toward Chancellorsville, and
occupied camp occupied in the morning. Horses remained in harness during the
night.

May 2.- At daylight, moved one-half mile to rear, on road toward the United
States Ford. Afternoon, heard fighting on the right; took position behind
earthworks at night, and remained all night.

May 3.- At daylight, received orders to return to United States Ford and park
near brick house; 10 a.m., ordered to the front; was not
wanted, and returned to camp near the ford, by order of Colonel Morgan. Horses
taken out of harness; remained in camp all night.

May 4.-Remained in camp.

May 5.-Retired over river at 7 a.m., by order of Captain Best, commanding
Artillery Reserve, and took position on bank of the river to the left of the
ford. Spent the remainder of the day in masking battery.

May 6.-Remained in position to cover the crossing of the troops; expended 28
rounds of ammunition on the enemy's skirmishers; 3,30 p.m., ordered to return
to old camp. Halted for the night 3 miles from camp, on the Warrenton road.

May 7.-Arrived at old camp near Falmouth at 10 a.m. The battery sustained no
los of men or material; 1 horse died from exhaustion.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W.A. ARNOLD,
Captain First Rhode Island Artillery, Commanding Company A.

Report of Brigadier General Henry J. Hunt, U. S. Army, Chief of Artillery.

ARTILLERY HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
August 1, 1863.

GENERAL: On April 27, in pursuance of your instructions, I made a
reconnaissance of the enemy's position at Banks' Ford, and determined upon the
number and position of the guns to be placed there to enfilade the enemy's
rifle-pits; to crush the fire of his work on the hill overlooking the river; to
cover the throwing of the bridges at that ford, and to protect the crossing of
the troops. The necessary instructions to supervise this work; to place the
batteries; to prepare cover for those that were exposed, and to take command
there in case of my absence, were given to Major A. Doull, inspector of
artillery on my staff, who executed them with his customary energy, taking with
him two batteries of position (B, First Connecticut, Brooker, four 4 1/2-inch
guns, and the Twenty-ninth New York, Blucher, four 20-pounders) from the
Artillery Reserve. The 20-pounder battery, under Lieutenant Blucher, from the
necessity of the case, was placed in a very exposed position, but with the
labor of his men he constructed good cover for them. The remaining batteries
required for this position were drawn from the Second, Eleventh, and Twelfth
Corps.
After performing this duty, I returned to select positions for the batteries,
to cover the throwing of the bridges at Franklin's Crossing, and at a point
just below the mouth of White Oak Run, near Pollock's Mill, the positions were
selected, the batteries designated, and on the night of the 28th were placed in
position as follows:

Franklin's Crossing - Ten guns of position of the Artillery Reserve (Pratt's,
M, First Connecticut, four 4 1/2-inch guns, and Voegelee's Thirtieth New York,
six 20-pounder Parrotts) and twenty-four light rifles of the Sixth Corps
(Harn's Third New York, six 10-pounder Parrotts; McCarthy's, C and D, First
Pennsylvania, six 10-pounders; Rigby's, A, First Maryland, six 3-inch guns; and
Cowan's First New York, six 3-inch guns) on the bluffs back of the crossing;
twelve light 12-pounders (Williston's, D, Second United States, six
12-pounders, and Seeley's, K, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders) on the
bank of the river, one battery above and one below the position selected to
throw the bridges, so as to cross their fire over the enemy's rifle-pits
opposite, and prevent his firing on the pontoons; the whole under the command
of Colonel C. H. Tompkins, First Rhode Island Artillery.

Crossing near Pollock's Mill - Twenty light rifles (Reynolds', L, First New
York, six 3-inch guns; Hall's Second Maine, six 3-inch guns; Amsden's, G, First
Pennsylvania, four 3-inch guns, and Cooper's, B, First Pennsylvania, four
3-inch guns) were placed on the elevation just above the mill, and fourteen
(Edgell's, A, First New Hampshire, six 3-inch guns; Thompson's Fourth
Pennsylvania, four 3-inch guns, and Ricketts', F, First Pennsylvania, four
3-inch below, to which were added in the morning six light 12-pounders
(Ransom's, C, Fifth United States); the whole under the command of Colonel C.
S. Wainwright, First New York Artillery.

A mile below these positions, and near Traveler's Rest, sixteen guns, (Taft's
Fifth New York, four 20-pounders; Kusserow's Thirty-second New York, six 3-inch
guns, and Hart's Fifteenth New York, six 3-inch guns), under the command of
Lieutenant Colonel E. R. Warner, inspector of artillery, were stationed to
control the bridge across the Massaponax, and to cover the left of the army
after the crossing should be effected. These three batteries moved along the
banks, following the subsequent movements of the army until, at the close of
the operation, they were stationed so as to sweep the streets of Fredericksburg
and command the Falmouth Ford. In the course of these operations, Hart's
battery was relieved by von Blucher's, which had returned from Banks' Ford.
Miller's battery (G, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders) was already in
position near the Lacy house, and twenty-two light 12-pounders in addition
(Randolph's, E, First Rhode Island, six 12-pounders; Kinzie's, K, Fifth [U. S.]
Artillery, four 12-pounders; Dimick's, H, First United States, six 12-pounders,
and Bruen's Tenth New York, six 12-pounders) were placed in reserve near
Falmouth Station, in readiness to move to any point above or below where their
services might be required. The disposable horse artillery (Graham's, K, First
United States, six 3-inch guns; Meinell's, C, Third United States, six 3-inch
guns, and Pennington's detachments, ten 3-inch guns), under Captain Graham,
First [U. S.] Artillery, was in like manner stationed between White Oak Church
and the river, so as to be available at any point near or below the crossings.

At daybreak of the 29th, Russell's brigade of infantry crossed the river in
boats at Franklin's Crossing, and occupied the enemy's rifle-pits with but
little resistance. The bridges were constructed and Brooks' division crossed,
taking with it Williston's battery (D, Second United States, six 12-pounders),
which was posted behind the rifle-pits.

On the 3rd, Seeley's battery (K, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders) was
relieved and joined its division. At the lower (or Reynolds') crossing, the
attempts to throw the bridge early in the morning were defeated by the enemy's
sharpshooters and the infantry in his rifle pits.

About 8.30 a. m. the fog lifted, and the batteries were brought into
requisition. By slow, deliberate, and well sustained fire of great accuracy,
the fire of the enemy was completely suppressed, the men taking refuge by lying
down in the ditch, and a regiment moving down to re-enforce them driven back.
Under the protection of the fire, a force was thrown across in the pontoons
with little or no loss, and captured about 100 of the men in the pits, the
remainder escaping by flight.

The practice of the rifle batteries, especially that of Cooper's (B, First
Pennsylvania, four 3-inch guns), was excellent. The bridges were then
established, and Wadsworth's division crossed. The three batteries near
Traveler's Rest (Taft's Fifth New York, four 20-pounders; Kusserow's
Thirty-second New York, six 3-inch guns, and Hart's Fifteenth New York, six
3-inch guns) repulsed all attempts of the enemy to pass the Massaponax from
below, and, on the arrival of the enemy's columns from Port Royal, compelled them
to make a wide detour and pass round by the hill roads.

For an account of the further operations of the batteries at the crossings, I
respectfully refer you to the reports of Colonels Wainwright and Tompkins,
chiefs of artillery of the First and Sixth Corps.

On the 30th, I received orders to accompany you to Chancellorsville, which
place we reached that night. The troops having crossed at United States Ford,
the artillery was withdrawn from Banks', and ordered to join their proper
commands, with the exception of Brooker's 4 1/2-inch battery, which crossed at
the United States Ford.

May 1. - Soon after General Sykes became engaged, he sent to me for two
batteries, one of rifles and one of 12-pounders. Lieutenant-Colonel Morgan,
chief of artillery Second Corps, kindly furnished m e with a battery of rifles
(Arnold's, A, First Rhode Island, six 3-inch guns), and I also ordered Crosby's
(F, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders), which I found near the Chancellor
house, placing both under command of Major Alexander Doull, inspector of
artillery, to report to General Sykes. Crosby's battery was soon after
recalled, and sent to report to its own corps commander, General Slocum, who
needed it. I could find no other to replace it.

At 1.30 p. m. I received verbal instructions from you to return to headquarters
camp, near Falmouth, collect the disposable artillery, move it to Banks' Ford,
and to prevent any attempt of the enemy to cross at that point. In obedience to
these instructions, I directed Captain Brooker to recross the river with his
siege guns (B, First Connecticut, four 4 1/2-inch guns) and resume his position
at Banks' [Ford]. From the telegraph station at the United States Ford I sent a
message to Major-General Butterfield, chief of staff, requesting him to send to
Banks' Ford the disposable batteries near headquarters camp, and proceeded
myself to reconnoiter the ford and select positions for them. In conformity
with my request for infantry, the remainder of General Owen's brigade, a
portion of which was on duty at the ford, under the orders of General Benham,
reported to me that night.

At 7.30 p. m. the batteries which had reported (Pennington's, M, Second United
States, ten 3-inch guns, and two attached sections, and Graham's, K, First
United States, six 3-inch guns) were placed in position, sixteen guns, and
these arriving during the night (Meinell's, C, Third United States, six 3-inch
guns; Hart's, Fifteenth New York, six 3-inch guns; Kinzie's, K, Fifth United
States, four 12-pounders, and Brooker's, B, First Connecticut, four 4 1/2-inch
guns) went into part, with the exception of Brooker's, which was placed in
position commanding the enemy's work on the hill. No demonstrations were made
by the enemy.

On the afternoon of the 3rd, he abandoned his rifle-pits opposite us.
Major-General Sedgwick having carried the heights above Fredericksburg, and
being then on the advance along the Chancellorsville road, I sent Major Doull
across (swimming his horse) to communicate with General Sedgwick and report his
progress. In the meantime General Benham laid the bridges, and I crossed to
inspect the different works of the enemy. The firing between General Sedgwick
and the enemy growing into the sounds of a battle, I immediately returned to
the north side of the river, in order to send support to Sedgwick. On reaching
the bridge, I found Brigadier-General Owen crossing, and directed him to
connect with Sedgwick's right, so as to keep up communication with the bridges.
I also sent word to General Sedgwick that two horse batteries were at his
disposal and more artillery if the required it.

About this time I received a dispatch from General Butterfield, directing me to
report immediately to you at Chancellorsville, and I turned the command of the
artillery over to Brigadier-General Tyler, who had just joined the army to take
command of the Artillery Reserve. In the meantime the battles of May 2 and 3
had been fought at Chancellorsville. For the particulars of the service of the
artillery in these battles, I respectfully refer to the reports of the
commanders of the troops to which the batteries were attached. I will only note
some of the main features so far as the artillery was concerned.

When the Eleventh Corps was broken up and routed, on the 2nd, its batteries are
reported as having behaved well. General Pleasonton collected some batteries
belonging to different corps (Martin's Horse Artillery, Sixth New York, six
3-inch guns; Clark's, B, First New Jersey, six 10-pounders; Lewis', Tenth New
York, six light 12-pounders; Turnbull's, F, and K, Third United States, six
12-pounders), and with them formed a large battery of twenty-four guns. The
retreating troops swept through and around this battery, carrying off horses
and caissons and even overturning one of the guns; but, as a whole, it held
firm, and when the enemy, flushed with success, appeared before it, met them
with a storm of canister, first checking and then driving them back into the
woods, from which they had emerged at 300 yards distance. It was a desperate
combat between artillery and infantry at 300 yards distance, in which the
artillery repulsed the infantry, flushed, as they were, with a great success,
which they were following up when checked by this battery.

After being driven back, the troops of the enemy (Jackson's corps) tried by two
flank movements to dislodge the battery and resume their advance. The first was
repulsed by the artillery alone, the second by the artillery aided by the
advance of Whipple's and Birney's divisions, which were enabled to reach the
ground by the check previously given to the enemy. At the same time a battery
of thirty-eight guns (Dimick's, H, First United States, six 12-pounders;
Crosby's, F, Fourth [U.S.] Artillery, four 12-pounders; Winegar's, M, First New
York, six 10-pounders; Fitzhugh's, K, First New York, four 3-inch guns;
Thomas', C, Fourth [U. S.] Artillery, four 12-pounders; Winslow's, D, First New
York, six 12-pounders; Hill's, C, First [West} Virginia, one section, two
3-inch guns; Dilger's, I, First Ohio, six 12-pounders -- Dilger relieved on
Sunday morning, May 3, by Hampton's Third Pennsylvania, six 10-pounder
Parrotts) was assembled near Fairview by Captain Best, Fourth U. S. Artillery,
and stationed so as to reach the enemy by firing over the heads of our own
troops, distant 500 yards, as no better position could be obtained, and the use
of the guns was imperative. The firing was very effective, and, as far as
known, without accident to our own troops. Down to 10 p. m. the cannonade was
at times terrific, and contributed much to checking the enemy. The batteries
were then in trenched.

Early next morning (Sunday, the 3rd), the enemy renewed the attack, and the
battery replied. An open field, about three-fourths of a mile to the left and
front of the battery, occupied by one of our brigades and some guns, was taken
possession of by the enemy, who opened with artillery on Best's position with
fearful effect, killing, among others, Captain Hampton, of the Third
Pennsylvania Battery, blowing up one of the caissons, and enfilading our line
of infantry. Best, however, stood to his work manfully till about 9 a. m.,
when, the infantry having retired, both flanks of the battery being turned, the
enemy's musketry picking off men and horses, and the ammunition nearly
expended, the guns were withdrawn, to save them.

Toward the close of this affair, Lieutenant F. B. Crosby, commanding Battery
F, Fourth [U. S.] Artillery, a young officer of high character and great
promise, was killed by a musket ball.

In the meantime Sedgwick had crossed the river with his corps; occupied
Fredericksburg on the 3rd, and assaulted and carried the enemy's works above
the town; captured a number of guns, and advanced on the Chancellorsville road
to the vicinity of Salem Heights, where the enemy were found in strong force.
Here a furious struggle took place, in which the artillery played a conspicuous
and important part. On this day and the succeeding one the batteries of the
corps were engaged in the desperate struggle maintained by Sedgwick against a
largely superior force. Colonel Tompkins, commanding the artillery of the
corps, makes special mention of the services of each, and to his report for
more extended information, and to that of General Sedgwick for his estimate of
the value of the service rendered by the artillery on that occasion, I would
respectfully refer you. In the meantime it is but just that the names of the
batteries and their commanders be presented: Harn's, Third New York, six
10-pounders; McCartney's, A, First Massachusetts, six 12-pounders; Butler's, G,
Second United States, six 12-pounders; Martin's, F, Fifth United States, six
10-pounders; Cowan's First New York, six 3-inch guns; McCarthy's, C and D,
First Pennsylvania, six 3-inch guns; Williston's, D, Second United States, six
12-pounders; Rigby's, A, First Maryland, six 3-inch guns, and Parsons', A,
First New Jersey, six 10-pounders.

At Banks' Ford. General Tyler, upon taking command, communicated with General
Sedgwick, and placed such of his batteries of the Reserve Artillery as might be
needed at General Sedgwick's disposal. The batteries, placed in position to
command the crossing places and cover the bridges, engaged with such of those
of the enemy as came within their range. In this service 1 man was wounded and
a few horses killed, and Sedgwick's corps now crossed, under protection of
their fire.

On my arrival at general headquarters, at 10 p. m. of May 3, I was directed by
you to take charge of all the artillery, relieving Colonel Wainwright, who had
been placed in command of it the day before. Colonel Wainwright informed me
that he had made the best practicable arrangement for the lines of defense, but
that in the general confusion, from the want of a commander of the artillery,
the batteries of the corps had become scattered and mixed with each other.

On examination, I found the line commencing on our left, which rested on the
Rappahannock and extended to Hunting Creek, had three large batteries, viz: One
of thirty guns, twenty rifles and ten light 12-pounders (Waterman's, C, First
Rhode Island, two sections, four 3-inch guns; Barnes', C, First New York, four
3-inch guns; Phillips', E, First Massachusetts, six 3-inch guns; Hazlett's, D,
Fifth Artillery, six 10-pounders; Randol's, E, First United States, four
12-pounders, and Martin's, C, First Massachusetts, six 12-pounders), under
command of Captain Randol, First Artillery, on the left of the line; one of
forty-eight guns, twenty-four light 12-pounders and twenty-four 3-inch guns
(Kirby's, I, First [U. S.] Artillery, six 12-pounders; Ames', G, First New
York, six 12-pounders; Gibbs', L, First Ohio, six 12-pounders; Bruen's Tenth
New York, six 12-pounders; Fitzhugh's, K, First New York, four 3-inch guns;
Ricketts', F, First Pennsylvania, four 3-inch guns; Martin's, F, Fifth United
States, four 3-inch guns; Waterman's, C, First Rhode Island, one section, two
3-inch guns; Edgell's, A, First New Hampshire, six 3-inch guns, and Amsden's,
G, First Pennsylvania, four 3-inch guns), under command of Captain Weed, Fifth
U. S. Artillery, commanding the artillery of the Fifth Corps, at the angle in our line near
the white houses, and one of thirty-two guns, twenty light rifles and twelve light 12-pounders
(Hall's Second Maine, six 3-inch guns; Wiedrich's, I, First New York, four 3-inch guns;
Knap's First Pennsylvania, four 10-pounders; Reynolds', L, First New York, six
3-inch guns; Ransom's, C, Fifth [U. S.] Artillery, six 12-pounders, and
Stewart's, B, Fourth [U. S.] Artillery, six 12-pounders) under command of
Colonel Wainwright, First New York Artillery, commanding the artillery of the
First Corps, on the right of our line, near Hunting Creek.

After examining these batteries, and giving such instructions as were required,
I proceeded to ascertain the positions of the other batteries of the corps,
which I found mostly in the open ground near the United States Fond or in the
woods behind the line of the army. I had them replenished with ammunition and
so placed as to become available should their services be needed.

On the afternoon of the 4th, during a reconnaissance made by Griffin's
division, Fifth Corps, a cannonade took place between the large battery at the
center of our line, under Captain Weed, and the enemy's artillery. This closed
the active operations of the main body of the army on the south side of the
river.

At daybreak on the morning of Tuesday, the 5th, I received your instructions to
cross all the batteries not in line of battle to the north side of the
Rappahannock, under cover of the fog, and to send them by way of Hartwood
Church to their old camps. This duty was performed under the immediate
direction of Captain Best, Fourth Artillery, commander of the artillery of the
Twelfth Corps. By my other he stationed several batteries in the open space on
the hill below the ford, so a to sweep the front of the left of our line and to
command all the open ground upon which the enemy could place guns to shell our
bridge, which he had attempted the previous evening. At the same time,
batteries were placed upon the bluffs, commanding the ford both above and below
the bridges, to hold the enemy in check should he attempt to follow the army on
its withdrawal.

The army passed to the north bank during that night and a portion of the next
day. The enemy, as I had foreseen, sent a force to the position from which he
had shelled our bridges, but, after a sharp cannonade, it was driven off,
principally by the fire of Knap's and Thompson's batteries (Knap's First
Pennsylvania, six 10-pounders, and Thompson's Fourth Pennsylvania, four
10-pounders), with some loss in killed and wounded on our part. The enemy
suffered considerably and lost one caisson-blown up.

Our loss in all these operations, so far as I can learn from the imperfect
reports furnished me, was 5 officers-Captain R. B. Hampton, Third Independent
Pennsylvania Battery; First Lieuts. F. B. Crosby, Fourth [U. S.] Artillery; F.
Dorries, Battery L, First Ohio; B. E. Kelley, Battery G, First Rhode Island
Artillery; Lieutenant [William] O'Donohue, Second Independent New York
Battery-and 50 enlisted men killed, and 13 officers-Captain G. F. Leppien
(mortally), First Lieutenant G. T. Stevens, and Second Lieutenant A. B.
Twitchell, Fifth Maine Battery; Second Lieutenant [Beldin] Spence, Battery G,
First Pennsylvania; First Lieuts. E. Kirby, First U. S. Artillery (mortally),
C. Allen, jr., and O. L. Torslow, Battery G, First Rhode Island; J. B. Sluson,
Battery B, First New York; J. E. Dimick, First U. S. Artillery (mortally); F.
M. Sackett, C, First Rhode Island; J. C. Carlisle, Thirteenth New York Battery;
Jacob Blind and Theodore Tiebel, Second New York Battery; C. A. Atwell, First
Pennsylvania Battery-and 268 enlisted men wounded, 53 captured or missing,
and 388 horses killed and disabled, horse artillery not included.

I respectfully refer to the reports of commanders of artillery, corps, and of
the generals with whom they served for the names of those who have
distinguished themselves for gallantry and good conduct.

To the officers of my staff-Lieutenant Colonel E. R. Warner and Major
Alexander Doull, inspectors of artillery, who were each charged with separate
commands, at different points, as already stated; Captain J. N. Craig,
assistant adjutant-general, and Lieutenant C. T. Bissell, aide-de-camp-my
thanks are due for the gallantry and efficiency with which they discharged the
duties devolved upon them. Those of Lieutenant Bissell, my only aide, were
necessarily arduous and always performed with promptitude.

To Colonel Wainwright, First New York Artillery, who was placed by the
commanding general in charge of all the artillery on the 3rd; Captain C. L.
Best, Fourth [U. S.] Artillery, who took charge of the batteries not in the
line of battle on the 4th, and of the posting and commanding of such batteries
as were needed to cover the withdrawal of the army, and to Lieutenant-Colonel
Morgan (captain Fourt [U. S.] Artillery) for assistance given me of the field,
I beg to make my acknowledgments.

In justice to the artillery, and to myself, I think it necessary to state
certain circumstances affecting its condition and losses in these operations.
The command of the artillery, which I held under Generals McClellan and
Burnside, and exercised at the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, was
withdrawn from me when you assumed command of the army, and my duties made
purely administrative, under circumstances very unfavorable to their efficient
performance. I heard after the movement commenced that, when the corps were put
in motion to cross the river, they left part of their artillery in their camps.
No notice of this was given to me, and it was only by accident that I learned
that the batteries so left behind were afterward ordered to rejoin their corps.
As soon as the battle commenced on Friday morning, I began to receive demands
from corps commanders for more artillery, which I was unable to comply with,
except partially, and at the risk of deranging the plans of other corps
commanders. That same morning I was ordered to Banks' Ford, to take command
there, and was absent at that place until the night of the 3rd from general
headquarters.

The promotion of many of the old artillery officers, and the invariable
transfer which accompanied it to other duties, weakened the regular batteries
exceedingly, and at the same time deprived the divisional artillery of
experienced commanders. The limitation of officers of fourgun batteries
crippled the volunteer service, and the want of field officers added to the
great difficulties under which the arm labored. It will, perhaps, hardly be
believed that for the command and management in their operations of the
artillery of the army, consisting of 412 guns, 980 artillery carriages, 9,543
men and officers, and 8,544 horses, besides their large ammunition trains,
there were but five field officers of artillery in the army, and from the
scarcity of officers of inferior grades these officers had miserably
insufficient staffs. Add to this that there was no commander of all the
artillery until a late period of the operations, and I doubt if the history of
modern armies can exhibit a parallel instance of such palpable crippling of a
great arm of the service in the very presence of a powerful enemy, to overcome
whom would require every energy of all arms under the most favorable
circumstances. It is not, therefore, to be wondered at that confusion and
mismanagement ensued, and it is creditable to the batteries themselves, and to
the officers who commanded them, that they did so well. Fourteen guns were lost, but
the most of these losses (eight) occurred in the rout of the Eleventh Corps, and all of
them before Colonel Wainwright or myself was placed in command of the whole
artillery.

HENRY J. HUNT,
Brigadier-General, Chief of Artillery, Army of the Potomac.

Report of Colonel Charles S. Wainwright, First New York
Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery.

CAMP NEAR WHITE OAK CHURCH, VA.,
May 11, 1863.

GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by
the batteries of the First Corps in the late operations around Fredericksburg:

In accordance with orders, the corps broke camp about noon on the 28th ultimo,
and proceeded down the White Oak Church road, where the batteries were parked
together, about half-way to the river road, for the night.

By daylight on the 29th, the following batteries were posted on the heights
above and below Pollock's Mill by Lieutenant-Colonel Warner and myself,
to cover the crossing, in accordance with directions received from
you the previous day: Reynolds', Hall's, Amsden's, and Cooper's (twenty 3-inch
guns) above the mill; Edgell's, Thompson's, and Richetts' (fourteen 3-inch
guns) below the mill. Soon after, Ransom's battery (six light 12-pounders) was
posted on the first rise between the road and the river. The enemy held the
opposite bank with 400 or 500 men, one regiment, the Ninth Louisiana, in a
large rifle-pit directly in front of where the head of the bridge was to rest,
the others as skirmishers along the bank. Our engineers had not succeeded in
throwing the bridge before daylight, as intended, and the fire of the enemy's
sharpshooters was quite brisk, as well as that of the regiment in the
rifle-pit.

The fog lifted about 8.30 o'clock, and the rifle-pit was slowly shelled by the
batteries on the hill. A regiment coming down to relieve or re-enforce them was
scattered and severely handled by our artillery fire.

At 10 o'clock, two regiments of infantry were thrown across, in boats, and the
rifle-pit carried, with about 100 prisoners. During these operations, the
3-inch batteries expended 160 rounds of ammunition in nearly equal proportion
of shrapnel, fuse, and percussion-shell, and Captain Ransom fired 3 rounds. The
firing was good, that of Captain Cooper's battery (which held the best position
for a cross-fire on the pit) particularly so. The bridges having been
established and the First Division posted on the opposite bank, everything
remained quiet for the rest of the day.

April 30.-At noon, Stewart's and Ransom's batteries were moved across the river
and placed in position on the crest directly above the head of the bridges, so
as to command the plain as far as the Bowling Green road.

About 5 p. m. the enemy opened from four 20-pounder Parrott guns, placed on the
height on which they had their batteries in the engagement of this corps in
December last. Their fire was first directed on the infantry of the Second and
Third Divisions, massed on the flat on this side of the river. These being
withdrawn, they turned their attention to the batteries on the hills, and just
before dark fired a few shots at Stewart's and Ransom's batteries. Their
practice was very good, injuring a number of the infantry and severely wounding
ne of Lieutenant Stewart's men. So soon as our infantry were withdrawn, we
opened from three batteries n the eights below the mill, firing 138 rounds. The
distance was about 3,400 yards, too great for certain practice with the 3-inch
guns. The elevation required was found to be 14 degrees, and time fifteen and a
half seconds for a Hotchkiss fuseshell. The Schenkl percussion was found to
work best at this distance.

About an hour before dark, Lieutenant-Colonel Warner moved a section of Taft's
battery of 20-pounder Parrotts out on the road above Traveler's Rest, and
opened on the enemy's battery. A few Whitworth shot were fired from a gun of
the enemy posted below the Massaponax, doing no damage. The firing ceased at
dark. After dark one section of Stewart's battery was moved up to the front of
the brick house; Pratt's within our lines on the opposite bank, and before
daylight Ransom's battery was withdrawn from that side and replaced by
Reynolds' (six 3-inch guns). Our whole front was covered with a rifle-pit, and
small earthworks thrown up in front of the guns.

May 1.-Everything continued quiet through the day, the batteries remaining in
the same position, except that of Amsden's (four 3-inch guns) was moved down
the river to Traveler's Rest, to replace one of the reserve batteries ordered
up to Banks' Ford, and Lieutenant Blucher reported with six 20-pounder
Parrott's (Twenty-ninth New York Battery), and was placed in position on the
left of the other batteries on the crest in front of the Fitzhugh house.
Large bodies of the enemy were seen moving up the river.
Our lookouts reported nine batteries, of fifty guns.

May 2.-I received orders to withdraw across the river and proceed to the United
States Ford. Soon after, the movement commenced, and abut 8 a. m. the enemy
opened with 20-pounder Parrotts, above mentioned, and also with two 10-pounder
Parrotts stationed on the same crest. Their fire was directed on our bridge and
at Reynolds' battery, stationed immediately in front of it. Captain Reynolds
replied deliberately and with good effect, exploding one of their ammunition
chests. The batteries on the hill also opened, and with much better effect than
on the 30th ultimo, the range having been pretty accurately ascertained at that
time. Lieutenant Blucher did good service with his 20-pounders after he had
ascertained the range and got his men quieted down. The enemy's battery was
silenced in about an hour. Captain Reynolds and Lieutenant Blucher, however,
continued to throw occasional shots into their position for half an hour
longer, until all our troops were withdrawn. The enemy's fire was rapid and
accurate, destroying one of the pontoons and wounding 10 men (1 mortally) in
Reynolds' battery; three of his limbers were also struck and more or less
damaged, and 10 horses killed. The battery was exceedingly well handled, the
firing being carried on coolly and deliberately.

The troops having been withdrawn, the batteries proceeded up the river, Ransom,
Stewart, and Cooper with their divisions; the remainder by an inner road, under
my own command. We arrived at the United States Ford about dark, and lay that
night near the brick hospital, half a mile in front of the bridges.

Sunday, May 3.-One proceeding to the front, I found the First Corps occupying
the right of the army, along the road leading from Chancellorsville to Ely's
Ford. By direction of General Reynolds, Hall's (six 3-inch guns), Ransom's, and
Stewart's (twelve night 12-pounders) batteries were brought up and posted where
our lines made a bend to the rear, about one-third of a mile from the point at
which the road crosses Hunting Creek. Their guns were afterward protected with
small earthworks, and remained in this position without being engaged until
withdrawn on the night of the 5th. Captain Leppien's battery (Fifth Maine) had
been ordered to this position instead of Captain Ransom's, but, on arriving at
the Chancellorsville and Ely's Ford road, was turned off by order of General
Hooker, and sent out to Chancellorsville.

In the engagement at that point on the 3rd, this battery suffered very
severely, losing 3 officers and 25 men; also 43 horses killed and wounded. The
battery seemed to have behaved excellently, and, with the aid of a body of
General Hancock's troops, brought off all their guns. I was not present in this
engagement, and would refer for particulars to the report of Lieutenant
Stevens, a copy of which is appended.* During the day Amsden's battery (four
3-inch guns) was moved to the front and posted by Captain Weed on his left
front. Toward evening, Edgell, with six 3-inch guns, relieved Puttkammer's
battery, on the same front, and Ricketts, with four 3-inch guns, relieved
Seeley's battery, on Captain Weed's right front. Amsden was engaged in the
actions of that afternoon and also the next morning, having 1 officer and 8 men
wounded; the other two batteries were also engaged to a small extent. These
batteries at the time were not under my command, and do not report anything
deserving your attention.

May 4.-Reynolds' battery was moved up to relieve Knap's battery on a small
knoll, about 100 yards in the rear of the Chancellorsville and Ely's Ford road,
and half a mile west of the road to the bridges. Wiedrich's battery,
of the Eleventh Corps, also held the same position. They were not engaged
at all, and were safely withdrawn on the night of the 5th.

May 5.-Everything remained quiet along our lines during the day. So soon as it
was dark I commenced withdrawing the batteries stationed along the front of the
First Corps. Wiedrich's and Reynold's passed off without trouble, but the road
by which the three batteries on our left were to have withdrawn having being
rendered impassable by the heavy rain, they were obliged to go around by the
main road, and the bridges having been damaged, were ordered back to their old
position after getting half-way to the crossing.

In another hour, however, they were again started, and after daylight on the
morning of the 6th all the batteries of the corps were again on this side of
the river. With the exception of Thompson's and Cooper's batteries, they at
once proceeded on their march back to White Oak Church. These two batteries
were posted on the heights below the bridges, to cover their removal, and
during the afternoon had a sharp engagement with some of their guns at about
1,400 yards, in which Thompson lost 1 killed and 3 wounded. The enemy were
driven from their guns and several of their chests exploded.

It had been difficult to make the above report satisfactory, as the batteries,
of the corps were much scattered, and, except during the operations below
Fredericksburg, those that were engaged were not under my own command at the
time. So far as I have been able to learn, the officers and men behaved well.

I would submit the following observations in regard to the 3-inch projectiles.
The Schenkl common fuse worked well, but can only be used within 2,500 yards.
The head of the fuse was found in some cases to stick in the hollow at the end
of the reamer, and the shot displaced after being sent home, causing it to fail
in taking the grooves. The Hotchkiss shell and shrapnel did well, but the paper
fuses were far from certain. This was doubtless partly owing to the dampness of
the atmosphere and the powder in the fuse-head having got more or less rubbed
off by abrasion in the chests. Both these difficulties are removed by the new
mode of putting up fuses, I notice, in some of these issued since our return.
For certainly, both of flight and explosion, I give the preference to the
Schenkl percussion-shell over any other projectile.

The march from our first position to the ford was a hard one on horses and
harness, and much of the latter was broken. I would respectfully call the
attention of the Ordnance Department, through you, to the fact that the harness
issued at the commencement of this war is now nearly worn out, and that there
will soon be a necessity for its replacement.

Of the officers and men deserving especial approbation, I would mention First
Lieutenant A. B. Twitchell, Fifth Maine Battery, who, though twice wounded and
his clothing badly burned at the commencement of the engagement at
Chancellorsville, continued to command his section until struck the third time;
also Sergt. Amos Gibbs, of Battery L, First New York, who, though badly wounded
in the shoulder by a shell, persisted in remaining at his piece after being
permitted to go to the rear by his captain.

I remain, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. S. WAINWRIGHT,
Colonel and Chief of Artillery, First Corps.
Brigadier General HENRY J. HUNT,
Chief of Artillery, Army of the Potomac.

Report of Colonel Charles H. Tompkins,
First Rhode Island Artillery, Chief of Artillery.

OFFICE CHIEF OF ART., SIXTH ARMY CORPS,
May 15, 1863.

GENERAL:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by
the artillery of this corps in the recent operations:

On Tuesday, the 28th ultimo, the Sixth Corps left its camp and moved to the
vicinity of Franklin's crossing, near the month of Deep Run. Arriving near the
bank of the river about sunset, the artillery was parked near Sands' house,
behind the woods, and secure from the observation of the enemy.

During the night, in obedience to your orders, Harn's, McCarthy's, Rigby's, and
Cown's batteries were placed upon the heights about 600 yards distant from the
river, and were nearly in the same position as that occupied by these batteries
on December 13 last. Willison's battery was parked upon the flat behind a
slight crest, 300 yards in rear of where the bridges were to be thrown, with
instructions to move forward into battery, and command and protect the bridges
should the enemy attack in force. Seeley's battery, of the Third Corps, having
reported to me, was also parked upon the flat, some 500 yards to the right of
Williston's, and the same instructions were given him. All were in position an
hour before daylight. The other batteries remained in park near Sands' house,
ready to move froward into position should their services be required.

Just before daybreak, a brigade (Russell's) of Brooks' division crossed the
river in the boats, and occupied the rifle-pits on the other side, but slight
resistance being made by the enemy. The division was crossed and the bridges
thrown over without further resistance. As soon as the bridges were completed,
Williston's battery crossed the river and took position behind the rifle-pits
lately occupied by the enemy. The other batteries of the corps, except those
in position upon the heights, were moved down and parked on the plain near the
bridge-heads.

On Thursday, the 30th, Seeley was relieved by Kinzie's battery, and ordered to
report to his division commander. The same afternoon Kinzie was ordered to
report to you at Banks' Ford.

On Saturday, the 2nd instant, the troops of the corps remaining upon this side
of the river were ordered to cross, and the batteries crossed with their
respective divisions. At 12 o'clock that night, the corps moved out upon the
Bowling Green road, and took up its line of march for Fredericksburg, Newton's
division (to which had been attached the Light Brigade) in advance; Butler's,
Harn's, and McCarthy's batteries were with this division; Martin's and Cowan's
batteries with Howe' division, and Willston's, McCartney's, Rigby's, and
Hexamer's batteries with Brooks' division.

The column entered Fredericksburg and took possession of the town about
daybreak of Sunday, 3rd instant, having skirmished with the enemy all the way
from Deep Run. The enemy having opened fire from all the way from Deep Run. The
enemy having opened fire from their works in rear of the thrown. Harn's battery
was placed in position on the right of the railroad, near the gas-works;
McCarthy and Butler on the left of the railroad-McCarthy on the right of
Butler, and both, owing to the nature of the ground, about 100 yards in advance
of Harn's position-and immediately opened fire upon the enemy's works, marking
excellent practice and doing good execution, as subsequent investigation
showed.

Howe's division had not crossed Hazel Run, and General Brooks, being threatened
with an attack form the enemy in his front, had not left his position on the
Bowling Green road in front of the bridges.

The general commanding having ordered and assault to be made upon the works of
the enemy and directed General Howe to advance upon the left of Hazel Run, and
General Newton upon the right, the batteries of Howe's division, Martin's and
Cowan's, under command of Major De Peyster, were placed in position to cover
the advance of the assaulting column. The batteries of Newton's division were
directed to concentrate their fire upon a certain point in the stone wall at
the foot of the crest, and behind which the enemy's infantry was concealed,
until the assaulting column had nearly reached the wall, and then to direct
their fire upon the batteries upon the crest.

These instructions were fully carried out. The practice was excellent,
inflicting great damage upon the enemy and aiding very materially in the
success of the assault. During their time Brooks' division, on the left, was
hotly engaged with the enemy in their immediate front. For the part taken by
the batteries of that division in the engagement I respectfully refer you to
the report of Major Tompkins,* who commanded them.

The crest having been carried, and the enemy in full retreat, Harn's battery,
followed by McCarthy's, was moved rapidly up the Telegraph road. Both were
placed in battery some distance in rear of the works from which the enemy had
been driven, Harn upon the right and McCarthy upon the left of the road, and
immediately opened fire upon the retreating enemy. From this point to Salem
Heights, the advance of the corps was annoyed by a section of horse artillery,
the only guns not captured form the enemy in the assault, which took position
upon every available point, and opened upon our troops, firing until driven off
by the fire of the batteries (Harn's and McCarthy's), which were with the
advance, and the near approach of the infantry, which continued steadily to
advance.

At Salem Heights the enemy were found to be in force. Brooks' division, which
had come up and taken the advance, moved forward to the assault on the left of
the Plank road, and Newton's division upon the right. Williston's, Rigby's, and
Hexamer's (Lieutenant Parsons commanding) batteries were placed in position
near the toll-gate, where a slight rise in the ground afforded good cover for
the limber sand caissons. One section of Williston's was placed in the road,
the other two sections on the left, and Rigby's and Hexamer's (Parsons') upon
the right of the road. From the batteries to the wood, which begin at the foot
of the heights, was about 500 yards of open ground. The infantry moved
steadily across this ground, the wood, and, after a severe contest, reached the
crest, held it for a few moments, and then, being greatly outnumbered, was
forced to retire. It came out of the wood, many of the regiments in great
confusion, closely followed by the enemy. Already had the batteries opened fire
over the heads of the retiring troops, firing slowly at first, and, as the
enemy attempted to follow our troops out of the wood, rapidly, Williston using
canister. The enemy were checked and driven back by this fire. The infantry
reformed behind the batteries, advanced, entering the wood, and held the
position until darkness ended the conflict. Shortly after dark, I ordered
Butler's, Cowan's, and Harn's batteries, which had been held in reserve, to
relieve Willston, Rigby, and Parsons, who were sent to the rear to replace
their ammunition.

On Monday, the 4th instant, the enemy retook possession of Fredericksburg
Heights. Howe's division was at once formed to the rear (east), to meet any
attack from heat direction, Newton's division formed to the front (west), and
Brooks' division formed to the south, his right joining Newton's left and his
left How's right. On howe's line, Martin's and Rigby's batteries were placed in
position, Rigby's and one section of Martin's one the right, the remaining two
sections of Martin's on the left. McCartney 's and Hexamer's (Parsons')
batteries were placed in position on Brooks' line, McCarney's and one section
of Hexamer's (Parsons') on the right, the remarrying two sections of
Hexamer's (Persons') on the left. On Newton's line, Butler, Harn, and Cowan
were in position on the left center, near the toll-gate, and Willson's and
McCarthy's were placed in a commending position in the rear of the right
counter. A brigade of the enemy which attacked Howe in the morning was
repulsed by the fire of the line of skirmishers and the section of 12-pounder
guns of Martin's battery.

In the evening a most determined attack was made upon Howe's front, the enemy
advancing upon Brooks' front at the same time. Three times their column
advanced upon Brooks, to be as often driven back by the fire of the skirmishers
and McCartney's and Hexmer's (Parsons') batteries. McCartney's practice was
very fine; he not only rendered valuable assistance in dispersing the infantry
of the enemy, but when they subsequently brought up a section of a battery and
attempted to put it in position, he prevented them from doing so, driving the
gunners from their pieces and preventing their firing a shot.

In the attack upon Howe, Martin and Rigby both did excellent execution,
fighting desperately, but with coolness and judgment, and only falling back to
a second position when their supports had left them.

Butler's battery was sent from the right to General Howe late in the evening,
arriving there just after his first line had been driven in. The battery was
placed so as to command a ravine by which the enemy were approaching, and his
well-directed fire soon checked their advance.Rigby's second position was some
200 yards to the right of Butler,and Martin's some 200 yards to the left and
center, Butler being in the center, rigby on the right center, and Martin the
left center of Howe's second line. In his attack upon this line, the enemy was
repulsed with great slaughter, the batteries rendering very efficient service.

During the night, the batteries fell back to Banks' Ford, and, crossing with
the corps to the north bank of the river, went into camp about 6 a. m. on the
5th, about a mile back from the ford, on the Falmouth road.

At 10 a. m. Williston was, by order of General Sedgwick, sent to Richards'
Ford. He reported back on the 7th.

On the 8th, the batteries returned to the vicinity of their former camps.

I cannot close this report without speaking in the highest terms of the
coolness, bravery, and efficiency of the officers and men of the artillery of
this corps. I claim for them that to these qualities, which they possess in so
eminent a degree, is due much of the success of the Sixth Corps.

On Sunday, and again on Monday, when our infantry was driven back by the
greatly superior numbers of the enemy, our artillery checked his advance and
turned the tide of battle.

To Major J. A. Tompkins, First Rhode Island Artillery, commanding Artillery
Brigade, First Division, I am greatly indebted for most valuable assistance. He
again, as he has so often before, proved himself to be an officer thoroughly
acquainted with his profession, and possessed of great coolness and personal
courage. Captains McCartney, Cowan, Rigby,
and McCarthy, and Lieutenants Williston, Butler, Martin, Parsons, and Harn
proved themselves, by the able manner in which they handled their batteries and
the coolness and courage they displayed under the most trying circumstances, to
be worthy of all praise, and entitled to promotion. I respectfully recommend
all the above-named officers for brevet.

For the names of others who distinguished themselves, as well as for more full
particulars, I respectfully call your attention to the accompanying reports of
Majors Tompkins and De Peyster, Captain McCarthy, and Lieutenants Butler and
Harn,* whose recommendations I cordially indorse.

I inclose a list of casualties, and of property loss and destroyed.

I remain, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. H. TOMPKINS,
Colonel, and Chief of Artillery, Sixth Army Corps.
Brigadier General HENRY J. HUNT,
Chief of Artillery, Army of the Potomac.

Report of Lieutenant Francis W. Seeley,
Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery.

HDQRS. BATTERY K, FOURTH U. S. ART.,
May 16, 1863.

CAPTAIN:
In compliance with instructions from headquarters Second Division,
Third Corps, I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations
of Battery K, Fourth U. S. Artillery, under my command, during the late
movements of this army:

On the evening of April 28, pursuant to instructions, I marched to a point near
Franklin's bridge, and early next morning went into position, where I remained
until 3 p. m. on the 30th , when I marched with the division to a point near
the United States Ford, and crossed to Rappahannock on May 1; remained in
position on the south side of the river, near the ford, until 7 p. m. on the
2nd, when I marched to Chancellorsville and parked for the night.

Early on the morning of the 3rd, the enemy having vigorously attacked our lines
at that point, I was ordered by an aide of General Hooker to a positoln on a
rising ground in the angle made by the formation of our infantry, which was on
two sides of a square facing outward. Soon after bringing my pieces into
position, one of the enemy's batteries, posted behind the crest of a hill some
500 yards in my front, opened a destructive fire on my battery, to which I
replied form the left half of the battery, commanded by Lieutenant Arnold,
vigorously for about fifteen minutes, when, finding that, although my shell and
case shot exploded on the crest of the hill behind which the enemy's battery
was posted, they failed to do any harm, owing to the fact that the opposing
guns were perfectly screened by the crest, I desisted, and made no further
attempt to dislodge them. I then turned m attention to the enemy's infantry, a
brigade of which had gained a temporary advantage on our right,m and forced a
portion of our first and second lines to retire on their supports. A few well
directed shots from my right section, commanded by Lieutenant [Robert] James,
caused the enemy hastily to retire, after which I ceased firing, the battery in
my front keeping up meantime and incessant and well-directed fire, killing and
wounding several of my men and horses.
I held my position for about half an hour longer, when, finding that our batteries
had been engaged on my right had left the field, and that our infantry was also
retiring, and the enemy crowding in on both flanks of my battery, I limbered up
my guns and moved off at a trot to the ground immediately a very destructive fire
from the enemy's line, then advancing, and distant about 250 yards on my flank.
The fire was galling in teh extreme. Many of my bravest and best men fell, and, in
order to save my guns, I was obliged to leave the brave fellows on the field.

When I arrived near the brick building before mentioned, Major-General Sickles,
then on the ground, through his chief of corps artillery, Captain G. E.
Randolph, assigned me to a position in order to check the advance of the enemy,
who was then pressing on in front and both flanks. I loaded the guns with
canister, and reserved my fire until the enemy was within 350 yards of my
position, and then opened with terrible effect, causing their troops to break
and take to the cover of the woods on my left and front, where we followed
them with solid shot until the ammunition in the limbers was exhausted. Then,
with the aid of my few remaining men and horses, the debris of my battery was
drawn from the field, my men cheering, under a heavy fire from three of teh
enemy's batteries, one on the Plank road in front of my right, one on teh left
and rear, and another on the left and front of my battery.

When leaving the field, I was obliged for want of horses - many of the pieces
and caissons having but two and three, and they, in many instances, wounded -
to abandon a caisson; also five wheels, which were shattered by solid shot and
changed under fire.

My loss in men was as follows: Killed, 7 enlisted men; wounded, 1 officer
(Lieutenant Arnold) and 38 enlisted men; also 59 horses killed and disabled.
The loss in men was probably greater than that of any other battery during the
war; that is, in proportion to my numbers, as I took into action about 120 men.

Of the conduct of officers and men I cannot speak in too high terms. Without a
single exception it was heroic, and reflects credit on the battery and the
service in general. It will be a pleasant duty for me, as soon as time will
permit, to recommend to the attention of the general commanding such cases of
particular merit as will be considered deserving of acknowledgment by promotion
by brevets and by the bestowal of medals of honor. This is due to the brave men
by whose untiring efforts I was enabled to save my guns and deal destruction to
the enemy.

I am, sir,very respectfully, your obedient servant,
F. W. SEELEY,
First Lieutenant Fourth Artillery, Commanding Battery K.
Captain GEORGE E. RANDOLPH,
Chief of Art., 3rd Army Corps.

Report of Captain George E. Randolph,
First Rhode Island Light Artillery, Chief of Artillery.

HEADQUARTERS ARTILLERY, THIRD ARMY CORPS,
May 19, 1863.

COLONEL:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of
the batteries of this corps during the recent movements of the army:

On the afternoon of Tuesday, April 28, five batteries, viz, Seeley's, (K,
Fourth U.S. Artillery), Huntington's (H, First Ohio), Dimick's (H, First U.S.
Artillery), Randolph's (E, First Rhode Island Artillery), and Bruen's (Tenth
New York), were ordered to report to Brigadier-General Hunt, and during the
night were placed as follows: Seeley's on the bank of the river at the
bridge-head, covering Franklin's crossing; Huntington's on a prominent hill
just in rear and a little to the right of Franklin's crossing; Dimick's,
Randolph's, and Bruen's between the railroad and the Lacy house, in reserve.

The remaining batteries, viz, Livingston's (F and K, Third United States),
Smith's (Fourth New York), of Birney's division, Osborn's (D, First New York),
Clark's (B, First New Jersey), of Berry's division, and von Puttkammer's
(Eleventh New York), of Whipple's division, marched, with their respective
divisions, and encamped the night of the 28th in the woods on the road from
General Sedgwick's headquarters to Franklin's crossing.

On the morning of the 30th, by command of General Sickles, I ordered these five
batteries to a point near the river, and to report to General Newton, by whom
they were placed in battery on the bank of the river, to prevent our bridge
being threatened by artillery at Bernard's house or to repel any attack upon
our troops already crossed.

At 3 p.m. all the batteries of the corps followed their respective divisions,
and marched until late in the night of the 30th, encamping with the troops at
Hamet's on the Warrenton turnpike.

Marched at 5 a.m., May 1, across the Rappahannock to Chancellorsville,
Livingston's and Clark's arriving soonest. Seeley's and Randolph's were placed
in battery, covering the bridge at the United States Ford from the south side.
At the time of the alarm, caused by the withdrawal of our lines, about 2.30
p.m. of May 1, Turnbull's and Clark's were put into battery in a second line
parallel to and in rear of the Plank road, and on the right of the Chancellor
house. The other batteries of the corps had by this time reported to their
divisions, near Chancellorsville. Later in the day, when Graham's brigade
formed line of battle near Fairview, the batteries of Birney's and Whipple's
divisions were parked in the field in rear of and near them, those of Berry's
being still in reserve near the white house occupied by General Couch as
headquarters. When Birney's division occupied the line assigned it on the left
of the Eleventh Corps, the batteries of that division (now Clark's, in the
place of Smith's, by transfer), Livingston's and Randolph's, bivouacked near
it. During the latter part of the morning and early in the afternoon, General
Birney had remarked the train of the enemy moving on a road, distant about
1,600 yards from the line he was then holding, and about 11 a.m. placed
Clark's battery in position, ordering it to annoy and check the passage of the
troops and trains he had seen. This was done by Clark effectually and
handsomely. The practice was, on the whole, excellent, and the enemy was
compelled to stop the movement or continue it by some other road.

At 3 p.m. General Birney was ordered to advance through the woods and to gain
possession of the road over which the trains had been seen to pass. He advanced
through the woods until he came to the iron foundry, a mile in advance of the
line he had occupied, where a 12-pounder battery of the enemy opened upon his
advance. He ordered up Clark's battery to dislodge it, but as Clark's was
already in position, Livingston, was sent, which, after a little confusion, got
into position between the woods and foundry, and opened upon and silenced the
battery of the enemy, losing 2 men severely wounded and several slightly.

Their ammunition was soon exhausted, caissons having been left in the rear, and
they were relieved by Randolph's, one section of which took position at the
foundry, co-operating with the infantry of Whipple's division, and guarding
this important point, while four pieces advanced with Birney's troops to the
house on the hill from which the enemy's battery had been dislodged.

Meanwhile the most unexpected events were taking place in the rear. Thinking
the First and Third Divisions the only part of our corps likely to be engaged,
I had parked the other batteries, and superintended in person the operations of
Livingston's and Randolph's batteries, in the advance with General Birney. I
must, therefore, depend for the particulars of the occurrences in my rear upon
the reports of Captains Huntington and Osborn, accompany this.

The batteries of the Third Division and Livingston's battery were unfortunate
in that they were directly in the way of the fugitives of the Eleventh Corps
and of the enemy who followed them, and were thrown into temporary confusion.
One piece and several caissons of Livingston's battery and several caisson
bodies of Randolph's, the limbers of which had been sent to supply the battery
in front with General Birney, were abandoned, but recovered when the ground
was regained at midnight by General Birney's attack. These batteries, with
Clark's and Martin's horse battery, formed a line diagonally across the open
field, and, with the cavalry of General Pleasonton, held the enemy until the arrival
of the First and Third Divisions of infantry.

The batteries of the Second Division, under Captain Osborn, had been put into
position on rear the Plank road, not far from Fairview; a section of Dimick's
(H, First United States) in the road, and rendered signal service here,
forming a part of the iron wall that the Second Division opposed to the advance
of the enemy in that direction.

I must refer to Captain Osborn's report for the particulars of this part of the
battle, only calling the attention of the general commanding to the important
place held by these batteries (Dimick's and Osborn's), and to the handsome
manner they performed that ask assigned them.

Early on the morning of the 3rd, I was ordered to mass the artillery of the
corps in the woods between the white house and the United States Ford.

This order was afterward countermanded, and I was ordered to withdraw those on
the field occupied by the First and Third Divisions during the night, and place
them in the line of earthworks near Fairview, covering the withdrawal of our
troops. Huntington's battery (H, First Ohio Volunteers), whose position was an
admirable one, was last to move, and had an opportunity to sweep the plain in
front of it with a terribly destructive fire and with very little loss.

In retiring, however, it was more exposed, and through the loss of horses
and the confusion consequent on being between the enemy's line and our own,
three pieces were necessarily abandoned in the bad ditch running along the
ravine at the bottom of the hill on which were the breastworks occupied by our
batteries. On this line were, commencing on the right of the Plank road,
Dimick's and Osborn's; Randolph's near and to the right of the house occupied
by General Slocum on Friday; Clark near and to the left of the house, and
Seeley on the extreme left of the crest; Lieutenant Lewis was in the rear,
near the Chancellorsville house; Livingston and von Puttkammer at the rear,
near the white house, and Huntington's three pieces at the ford.

Now began the hardest battle it has been my fate to witness. The five
batteries were admirably posted and admirably served. Never had artillery a
finer opportunity to do good service, and never was a better use made of
favorable circumstances. Twice the columns of the enemy on the Plank road were
repulsed by the concentration of the fire from this line of batteries. The loss
of the enemy must have been very heavy from this fire, and I am of the opinion
that, with a constant supply of ammunition, and the woods held to the right of
the road, this line of batteries could have defied the enemy's attack. As the
batteries expended their ammunition they were withdrawn. Clark's borrowed
ammunition after expending its own. No battery moved from this line having
anything in its chest except canister, which could not be used on account of
the position of our own troops. When our troops abandoned the crest,
Lieutenant Lewis, of the Tenth New York Battery, was placed in battery near and
to the left of Chancellorsville; four pieces of Seeley's (K, Fourth U.S.
Artillery) to the left of the Plank road, about half-way from Chancellorsville
to Fairview, and two of Randolph's, under Lieutenant Bucklyn, on the road on
the same line. These pieces were exposed to a terrible fire, but were
gallantly and very effectively served every round of ammunition was expended.
The section of Randolph's had not previously been engaged, a large number
of men and horses being killed, and their withdrawal rendered necessary. The
loss of horses in the section of Randolph's had been so great as to compel
Lieutenant Bucklyn to remove one piece by hand and abandon the other. He had
only horses enough, after dismounting his sergeant, to draw one piece. The
abandoned piece was disabled before left. Lieutenant Seeley, whose loss was as
heavy, succeeded in removing his entire battery, having more horses.

To prevent any injustice to Lieutenant Bucklyn, I call attention to the fact
that, while Lieutenant Seeley had four pieces and caissons, with complete
teams, Lieutenant Bucklyn had but two pieces and no caissons, and therefore
could not, as did Seeley, draw his pieces by reducing his caissons team. His
section was on the road, and his loss proportionately greater even than
Seeley's. He deserves very great credit, however, in saving his battery entire,
after such losses of men and horses as he had suffered. Lewis's battery, the
Tenth New York, remained until a later hour, and then withdrew to a position
near the white house, where was also von Puttkammer's battery, the Eleventh New
York, both under the command of Captain Weed, Fifth U.S. Artillery. Puttkammer
was relieved at night, but Lewis remained until our lines were left, on the
night of the 4th, doing good service at the several times that parts of our
lines were engaged.

On the night of the 5th, Lewis' (Tenth New York) battery recrossed to the north
side of the Rappahannock, and, with the other batteries of the corps which had
crossed during the day of the 5th, returned to its former camp. Clark's battery
was retained in position, covering the ford until the afternoon of the 5th.

Throughout this engagement Captain Osborn, chief of artillery, Second
Division, and Captain Clark, chief of artillery, First Division, proved
themselves brave, cool, and reliable officers. I have only to point to the
service done by the batteries under their command to prove their merit.
Lieutenant Seeley, commanding Battery K, Fourth U.S. Artillery, handled his
battery as in on drill, and even the heavy loss his battery suffered was amply
compensated by the effect of his fire on the enemy. Lieutenant Winslow,
commanding Osborn's battery (D, First New York); Lieutenant Lewis, commanding
Tenth New York Battery; Lieutenant Sims, commanding Clark's, handled their
commands very creditably, as did Lieutenant Bucklyn, who had the section on the
Plank road on the right of Seeley's. It gives me great pleasure to speak in
terms of the highest praise of Lieutenant Lewis and his battery, especially as
it had been, unfortunately, somewhat under a cloud. Nothing could be more
praise-worthy than his conduct from first to last.

I regret to report the death of Lieutenant Dimick, commanding Battery H, First
U.S. Artillery. Captain Osborn, who was his immediate commander and an
eye-witness, characterizes the conduct of Lieutenant Dimick as heroic.

Even more than the death of an officer, do I regret to report the disgraceful
conduct of Captain von Puttkammer. As the matter has come to the eye of the
general commanding in another way, I will not enlarge upon it here.

Smith's (Fourth New York) battery was placed in position near the United States
Ford, and much of its material used in rendering the other batteries of the
Second Division immediately serviceable, preventing its being ordered to the
front. I hope this circumstances, the best thing that could be done at the
time, will in no way affect the reputation of this battery. It was against the
urgent protest of its officers that it was crippled to render other batteries
that could be of more service able to return at once into action if called upon.

I am, colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. E. RANDOLPH,
Captain First Rhode Island Art., Chief of Art., Third Army Corps.

SPECIAL ORDERS, } HDQRS. ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, No. 153.}
Camp near Falmouth, Va. , June 5, 1863.

II. The following is the summer field allowance of clothing for men of mounted
batteries of this army. All surplus will be turned in at the commencement of a
march. One half shelter tent; one blanket for each cannoneer; one great coat
for each driver; one jacket, one blouse, one pair trousers, three pairs of
stockings, two pairs of drawers, two flannel shirts, one pair shoes or
boots. So much of this clothing as is not worn on the person will be
transported by drivers on the valise saddles; by cannoneers, in the
knapsacks, or on the foot-boards. If packed in knapsacks, they will be
carried by the men. If carried on the foot-boards, the articles will be
closely packed or rolled, and secured in a proper sack or sacks, and
batteries so transporting this clothing will turn in their knapsacks. The
gunners and chiefs of caissons will be held responsible that the clothing is
properly packed and secured on their respective carriages. All attempts to
abuse this privilege of transporting their kits will be punished by throwing
away the extra articles, excepting the soap, towels, and brushes of the men,
and compelling them to carry the regulated allowance themselves.

III. Commanders of batteries will be held responsible for the execution of
this order, and for those hereafter published.

Respecting the loading of the carriages, see Paragraphs VIII and IX, General
Orders, No. 164, October 18, 1862, headquarters Armyof the Potomac,
and the commandants of artillery of corps will, by frequent
inspection, enforce the responsibility. Paulins will in no case be used as
tents, but they may in wet weather be used to cover harness.

VI. At the expiration of the leave of absence granted to Major General George
Stoneman for the benefit of his health, by Special Orders, Numbers 137, *
current series, from these headquarters, he will report in person to the
Adjutant-General of the Army for further instructions.

By command of Major-General Hooker

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
June 25, 1863-7 a.m.

Brigadier-General TYLER,
Commanding Artillery Reserve:

The Reserve Artillery, on the receipt of this order, will take up its line of
march for Edwards Ferry, which point it should make to-day.

HOOKER,
Major-General.

GENERAL ORDERS, WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJT. GENERAL 'S OFFICE,
No. 194. } Washington, June 27, 1863.

By direction of the President Major General Joseph Hooker is relieved from
command of the Army of the Potomac, and Major General George G. Meade is
appointed to the command of that army, and of the troops temporarily assigned
to duty with it. By order of the Secretary of War:

E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

General R. O. TYLER,
Commanding Artillery Reserve, Edwards Ferry:

The Fifth Corps (Aldie) will march at 4 a. m. to-morrow, crossing Goose
Creek at Carter's Mill; thence to Leesburg, crossing the Potomac at the upper
bridge at Edwards Ferry and the Monocacy at its mouth, and follow the river
road in the direction of Frederick City. The Reserve Artillery will cross on
the lower bridge at Edwards Ferry, and follow the Fifth Corps. Please
acknowledge. By command of Major-General Hooker:

S. WILLIAMS,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

SPECIAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
Numbers 175.} Frederick, Md. , June 28, 1863.

II. The First Brigade of Horse Artillery is assigned to the Cavalry Corps,
and the commanding officer will report forthwith to Major-General Pleasonton,
at the City Hotel, for instructions. By command of Major-General Meade:

S. WILLIAMS,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

Headquarters Artillery Reserve,
Camp near Frederick, Md. , June 28, 1863-7.20 a. m.
General S. WILLIAMS,
Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac:

GENERAL: In the absence of General Tyler, who is now at general headquarters,
I have the honor respectfully to state, in reply to your communication of this
a. m. , that nine batteries were sent to Washington the morning of June 25,
viz: Thirtieth New York Independent Battery; Thirty-second New York
Independent Battery; Twelfth Ohio Battery; Battery B, First Maryland
Artillery; Battery C, First Pennsylvania Artillery; Battery H, First Rhode
Island Artillery; Keystone Battery, together with Schuetz's [K, Tenth
Michigan] and Borrowe's [H, Pennsylvania Light] batteries of the Pennsylvania
Reserves. The first five batteries above mentioned took with them twenty-eight
guns (twelve 3-inch, ten light 12-pounders, and six 10-pounder Parrotts). Of
the remaining four batteries, I am not able to give you the number of guns,
as they merely reported for duty, and moved directly to Arlington Heights,
pursuant to Special Orders, No. 173, headquarters Army of the Potomac, June
25, 1863. The batteries belonging to the old organization of the Artillery
Reserve, sent to Washington, are the Thirtieth New York Independent Battery
and the Thirty-second New York Independent Battery, and their places were
filled by the Ninth Massachusetts Battery and the Second Connecticut Battery.

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. H. WHITTELSEY,
Captain, and Assistant Adjutant-General.

WASHINGTON,
June 30, 1863.
Brigadier General W. F. BARRY,
Inspector of Artillery, &c. :

GENERAL:
In case of a distribution of field batteries along the northern line,
the following strikes me as a convenient arrangement:

To Fort Summer, on battery, with directions to put two or three pieces in
Battery Benson, and hold the rest for maneuver.

To Forts Mansfield and Simmons, one battery; to put two pieces in Battery
Bailey; to put two pieces in the battery to the left to Mansfield, and hold
two disposable, or to be put in rifle-pits between Simmons and Bayard, where
there are places prepared.

To Fort Reno, one battery, for maneuver, or to be placed in rifle-pits.

To Fort Kearny, ne battery, to occupy Batteries Rossell and Terrill.

To Fort De Russy, one-half battery, to occupy Battery Kingsbury.

To Fort Stevens, one and a half batteries; one-half to occupy Battery Sill;
one to occupy the battery in the edge of the woods, between Stevens and
Slocum.

To Fort Bunker Hill, one battery, one section to occupy the battery in front
of the fort, and the rest to take post on the hill on the right of Bunker
Hill, where a new battery is to be built.

To Fort Saratoga, one battery; four pieces in the battery immediately to the
right, and the other two near the shed, to flank Fort Thayer, where a new
battery is being built.

To Fort Thayer, one battery; four pieces on west side of railroad, and two
pieces on east side. On this side Benning's Bridge, one battery. Total, ten
batteries. Should the other side of the river be threatened, I should
recommend-

For Fort Worth, one battery, to be placed in rifle-pits or batteries adjacent
to that work, at the discretion of the commanding officer.

Fort Ward, one battery, to be placed as above.

Fort Richardson, one battery, for any part of the line between that and
Barnard.

Fort Craig, two batteries, to occupy the battery immediately on its right,
and those between it and Richardson.

Fort Whipple, two batteries, to occupy with two or four guns the
battery immediately in its front, and the rest to be put in the various
rifle-pits between Tillinghast and De Kalb. Chain Bridge position. -Two or
three field batteries could be advantageously used in the different batteries.

I am, very respectfully, your most obedient servant,
J. G. BARNARD,
Brigadier-General.

Organization of Artillery of the Army of the Potomac, Major General George G.
Meade, U.S. Army, commanding, at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3,1863.

ARTILLERY.
Brigadier General Henry J. Hunt.

ARTILLERY RESERVE.
Brigadier General Robert O. Tyler. Captain James M. Robertson.

Headquarters Guard. 32nd Massachusetts Infantry, Company C, Captain Josiah Fuller.

First Regular Brigade.
Captain Dunbar R. Ransom.
1st United States, Battery H: Lieutenant Chandler P. Eakin. Lieutenant Philip D. Mason.
3rd United States, Batteries F and K, Lieutenant John Turnbull.
4th United States, Battery C, Lieutenant Evan Thomas.
5th United States, Battery C, Lieutenant Gulian V. Weir.

First Volunteer Brigade.
Lieutenant Colonel Freeman McGilvery.
MassachusettsLight, 5th Battery (E), Captain Charles A. Phillips.
Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery: Captain John Bigelow. Lieutenant Richard S. Milton.
New York Light, 15th Battery, Captain Patrick Hart.
Pennsylvania Light, Batteries C and F, Captain James Thompson.
10th New York Battery

Second Volunteer Brigade.
Captain Elijah D. Taft.
1st Conecticut Heavy, Battery B, *Captain Albert F. Brooker.
1st Connecticut Heavy, Battery M, *Captain Franclin A. Pratt.
Connecticut Light, 2nd Battery, Captain John W. Sterling.
New York Light, 5th Battery, Captain Elijah D. Taft.

Third Volunteer Brigade.
Captain James F. Huntington.
New Hampshire Light, 1st Battery, Captain Frederick M. Edgell.
1st Ohio Light, Battery H, Lieutenant George W. Norton.
1st Pennsylvania Light, Batteries F and G. Captain R. Bruce Ricketts.
West Virginia Light, Battery C, Captain Wallace Hill.

Fourth Volunteer Brigade.
Captain Robert H. Fitzhugh.
Maine Light, 6th Battery (F), Lieutenant Edwin B. Dow.
Maryland Light, Battery A, Captain James H. Rigby.
New Jersey Light, 1st Battery, Lieutenant Augustin N. Parsons.
1st New York Light, Battery G, Captain Nelson Ames.
1st New York Light, Battery K Captain Robert H Fitzhugh. Train Guard.
4th New Jersey Infantry (seven companies), Major Charles Ewing.

FIRST ARMY CORPS
Artillery Brigade. Colonel Charles S. Wainwright.
Maine Light, 2nd Battery (B), Captain James A. Hall.
Maine Light, 5th Battery (E): Captain Greenleaf T. Stevens. Lieut Edward N. Whitier.
1st New York Light, Battery L:* Captain Gilbert H Reynolds. Lieut George Breck.
1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery B, Captain James H. Cooper.
4th United States, Battery B, , Lieutenant James Stewart.

SECOND ARMY CORPS
Artillery Brigade. Captain John G. Hazard.
1st New York Lights, Battery B: Lieutenant Albert S. Sheldon.
Captain James McKay Rorty. Lieutenant Robert E. Rogers.
1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A, Captain William A. Arnold.
1st Rhode Island Light Battery B: Lieut T. Fred. Brown. Lieut Walter S. Perrin.
1st United States, Battery I:Lieut George A. Woodruff. Lieut Tulli McCrea.
4th United States, Battery A: Lieut Alonzo H. Cushing. Sergt. Frederick Fuger.
Battery E, 1st New York Light Artillery

THIRD ARMY CORPS.
Artillery Brigade. Captain George E. Randolph. Captain A. Judson Clark.
New Jersey Light, 2nd Battery: Captain A. Judson Clark. Lieut Robert Sims.
1st New York Light, Battery D, Captain George B Winslow.
New York Light, 4th Battery, Captain James E. Smith.
1st Rhode Island Light, Battery E: Lieutenant John K. Bucklyn.
Lieutenant Benjamin Freeborn.
4th United States, Battery K: Lieut Francis Seeley. Lieut Robert James.

FIFT ARMY CORPS.
ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Captain Augustus P. Martin.
Massachusetts Light, 3rd Battery (C), Lieutenant Aaron F. Walcott.
1st New York Light, Battery C, Captain Almont Barnes.
1st Ohio Light, Battery L, Captain Frank C. Gibbs.
5th United States, Battery D: Lieut Charles E. Hazlett. Lieut Benjamin F. Rittenhouse.
5th United States, Battery I: Lieut Malbone F. Watson. Lieut Charles C. McConnell.

SIXTH ARMY CORPS.
ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Colonel Charles H. Tompkins.
Massachusetts Light, 1st Battery (A), Captain William H. McCartney.
New York Light, 1st Battery, Captain Anrew Cowan.
New York Light, 3rd Battery, Captain William A. Harn.
1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C, Captain Richard Waterman.
1st Rhode Island Light, Battery G, Captain George W. Adams.
2nd United States, Battery D, Lieutenant Edward Williston,
2nd United States, Battery G, Lieutenant John H. Butler.
5th United States, Battery F, Lieutenant Leonard Martin.

ELEVENTH ARMY CORPS.
ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Major Thomas W. Osborn.
1st New York Light, Battery I. Captain Michael Wiedrich.
New York Light 13th Battery, Lieutenant William Wheeler.
1st Ohio Light, Battery I. Captain Hubert Dilger.
1st Ohio Light, Battery K, Captain Lewis Heckman.
4th United States, Battery G: Lieut Bayard Wilkeson. Lieut Eugene A. Bancroft.

TWELFTH ARMY CORPS.
ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Lieutenant Edward D. Muchlenberg.
1st New York Light, Battery M LieutCharles E.Winegar.
Pennsylvania Light, Battery E, Lieutenant Charles A. Atwell.
4th United States, Battery F, Lieutenant Sylvanus T. Rugg.
5th United States, , Battery K Lieutenant David H. Kinzie.

CAVALRY CORPS.
HORSE ARTILLERY.

First Brigade.
Captain James M. Robertson.
9th Michigan Battery, Captain Jabez J. Daniels.
6th New York Battery, Captain Joseph W. Martin.
2nd United States, Batteries B and L, Lieutenant Edvard Heaton.
2nd United States, Battery M, Lieutenant A.C M. Pennington, jr.
4th United States, Battery E, Lieutenant Samuel S. Elder.

Second Brigade.
Captain John C. Tidball.
1st United States, Batteries E and G, Captain Alanson M. Randol.
1st United States, Battery K, Captain William M. Graham.
2nd United States, Battery A, Lieutenant John H. Calef.
3rd United States, Battery C, Lieutenant William D. Fuller.

Report of Colonel Charles W. Wainwright, First New York Light Artillery,
Commanding Artillery Brigade, First Army Corps.

HEADQUARTERS ARTILLERY BRIGADE, FIRST CORPS,
July 17, 1863.

GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by
my command in the battle of Gettysburg on the 1st, 2d, and 3rd instant: On
the night of June 30, the main body of the command lay about 2 miles from
Emmitsburg, while the Second Maine Battery, Captain Hasll, was in position a
couple of miles farther on, commanding the bridge on the Gettysburg turnpike
over Marsh Creek, having been ordered to report to Brigadier-General
Wadsworth, commanding the advance division. About 8 o'clock on the morning of
the 1st, we received orders to march to Gettysburg, no intimation, however,
being given that we were likely to fall in with the enemy near that place,
which had been occupied by our cavalry twenty-four hours before. The corps
marched in the following order: First Division, General Wadsworth, Hall's
battery: Third Division, General Robinson; Major-General Doubleday temporarily
in command of the corps. About 4 miles this side of Gettysburg, the Third
Division took a by-road to the left, Captain Cooper's battery of four 3-inch
guns following them. The first intimation I received of the proximity of the
enemy was the sound of firing when we arrived within some 2 miles of
Gettysburg and at about 10:30 a. m. I immediately joined General Doubleday,
and by his order moved the three batteries remaining with me across the fields
toward the seminary or college. On our arrival at this point, we learned that
a portion of the advance division had been engaged with the enemy and had been
drawn in; also the death of our commanding officer, Major General J. F.
Reynolds. Captain Hall's battery (Second Maine) had been in action at this
point. Having seen nothing of it myself, I insert his own report, as
follows: My battery was ordered into position by General Reynolds on the right
of the Cashtown road, some 400 yards beyond Seminary Hill, on the south and
west of the town. The enemy had previously opened a battery of six guns
directly in our front, at 1, 300 yards distance , which they concentrated
upon me as I went into position, but with very little effect. We opened upon
this battery with shot and shell at 10. 45 a. m. , our first shots causing the
enemy to change position of two his guns and place them under cover behind a
barn. In twenty-five minutes from the time we opened fire, a column of the
enemy's infantry charged up a ravine on our right flank, within 60 yards of my
right piece, when they commenced shooting down my horses and wounding my men.
I ordered the right and center sections to open upon these column with
canister, and kept the left firing upon the enemy's artillery. This canister
fire was very effective and broke the charge of the enemy, when, just at this moment,
to my surprise, I saw my support falling back without any orders having been
given me to retire. Feeling that if the position was too advanced for infantry
it was equally so for artillery, I ordered the battery to retire by sections,
although having no order to do so. The support falling back rapidly, the
right section of the battery, which I ordered to take position some 75 yards
to the rear, to cover the retiring of the other four pieces, was charged upon
by the enemy's skirmishers and 4 of the horses from one of the guns shot. The
men of the section dragged this gun off by hand. As the last piece of the
battery was coming away, all its horses were shot, and I was about to return
for it myself when General Wadsworth gave me a peremptory order to lose no
time, but get my battery in position near the town, on the heights, to cover
the retiring of the troops. I sent a sergeant with 5 men after the piece. all
of whom were wounded or taken prisoners. I had got near to the position I had
been ordered to take, when I received another order from General Wadsworth to
bring my guns immediately back; the, officer bringing the order saying he
would show me the road to take, which was the railroad grading leading out
from town, which was swept at the time by two of the enemy's guns from the
hills beyond, through the excavations at Seminary Hill. Having gotten on to
this road, from its construction I could not turn from it on either side, and
was obliged to advance 1, 200 yards under this raking fire. Arriving at
Seminary Hill, I found no one to show me the position I was to occupy, and
placed my battery in park under cover of the hill. and went forward to see
where to take position, when I again met an aide of General Wadsworth, who
ordered me to go to the right along the woods, pass over the crest and over a
ravine. and there take position. Obeying this order, I moved toward the
right until met by an orderly, who informed me I was going directly into the
enemy's lines, which were advancing from this direction. I halted my command,
and rode forward, but before reaching the described position was fired upon
by the enemy's skirmishers. I then counter marched my battery, and moved to
near the seminary. Gettysburg Seminary is situated on a ridge about a quarter
of a mile from the town, the ridge running nearly north and south and parallel
with the Emmitsburg pike. It is crossed by the Cashtown turnpike about 100
yards north of the seminary, and cut through by there railroad some 40 yards
farther on. The west front of the seminary is shaded by a grove of large
trees, and the whole top of the ridge on both sides is more or less crowned
with open woods through its entire length. Beyond this ridge the ground falls
gradually to the west, and rises again into a parallel ridge at a distance of
about 400 yards. This second ridge is wider and smoother than that on which
the seminary stands, but ends about 200 yards north of where the Cashtown pike
cross it. On the south side of this point is a house and large barn, with an
apple orchard and some 5 acres of wood to the south of it, the rest of the
ridge is cleared It was around this house and wood that the first skirmish, in
which General Reynolds fell, took place. Having massed the batteries
immediately in rear of the first ridge, I rode forward to examine the ground
in front, and was met by a member of General Doubleday's staff, with an order
to post a battery on the outer ridge, if possible. Directing Captain Reynolds
to move his battery of six 3-inch guns forward, I rode up on to the ridge,
but finding that the battery would be exposed and totally without support, I
withdrew it before it reached the crest. Soon after-ward the Third Division,
with Cooper's battery being posted in an oat-field some 350 yards south of the
Cashtown road. One brigade of the First Division had meantime reoccupied the
woods where the first engagement took place, and General Wadsworth sent to ask
for a batter, but as there was no infantry to protect its right flank, and
Captain Hall had previously come so near to losing his battery in the same
position, I did not consider it safe place a battery in that position until our Second
Division, which was just arriving, had taken position and I had examined the ground
on the flank, the enemy being quiet at this time.
Finding General Robinson's division and the Second Brigade of the First Division
occupying a wood on the west slope of Seminary Ridge north of the railroad,
and the Eleventh Corps coming into position across the flat at right angles
to our front, I returned to the Cashtown road, and directed Lieutenant Stewart to report
to General Robinson with his battery, which had previously been posted some
200 yards south of the seminary, but not engaged. Meantime General Wadsworth
had ordered Captain Tidball's horse battery into position on the right of his First Brigade,
where Captain Hall's battery had been, and it had just commenced a sharp engagement
with the enemy's battery directly in front. As soon as possible, I moved Reynolds'
battery immediately on our right. By this cross-fire both batteries were
obliged to withdraw, Reynolds taking position again at right angles to the
ridge, so that his left was covered by the woods. While removing his battery,
Captain Reynolds received a severe wound in the right eye, but refused for
some time to leave the field. The enemy's battery soon after ceased firing.
Receiving another request from General Wadsworth for some guns on his front, I
posted Lieutenant Wilber, with a section of Company l, First New York, in
the orchard on the south side of the Cashtown road, where he was sheltered
from the fire of the enemy's battery on his right flank by the intervening
house and barn, and moved the remaining four pieces around to the south side
of the wood on the open crest. Having heard incidentally some directions
given to General Doubleday about holding Cemetery Hill, and not knowing that
there was such a place, while the seminary was called indiscriminately
cemetery and seminary, I supposed the latter was meant. I therefore directed
Captain Cooper to take a good position in front of the professor's house on
this ridge, and sent an order to Captain Stevens, of the Fifth Maine Battery,
to occupy the position first assigned to Lieutenant Stewart. Soon after this,
the enemy filed in two strong columns out of the woods, about 500 yards to
our front, and marched steadily down to our left until they outflanked us
nearly a third of a mile. They then formed in double line of battle, and came
directly up the crest. During this movement, Battery L opened on the columns,
but the firing of Lieutenant Breck's four guns was much interfered with by our
own infantry moving in front of his pieces. As we had no regular line of
battle on these crest and the enemy outnumbered us five to one, I withdrew
Lieutenant Breck's two sections when their first line was within about 200
yards, and ordered him behind a strong stone wall on the seminary crest.
Meantime General Doubleday had removed Captain Stevens' battery to the right of
Captain Cooper's, and Lieutenant Wilber's section falling back with its
support came into position at the same point, thus concentrating twelve guns
in so small a space that they were hardly 5 yards apart. Lieutenant Stewart's
battery was also in position on the same line, half the battery between the
Cashtown pike and the railroad, the other half across the railroad in the
corner of a wood. The enemy's lines continued to advance steadily across the
spacer between the two crests, but when the first line was within about 100
yards of the seminary, Lieutenant Davison, commanding the left half of
Stewart's battery, swung his guns around on the Cashtown pike. so as to
enfilade the whole line. This, with the fire of the other batteries, checked
them for a moment at this point, but it was only for a moment as their second
line did not halt, but pushed on, strongly re-enforced by a third column
deploying from the Cashtown road. An order was now received by Captain Stevens
from General Wadsworth to withdraw his battery. Not knowing that he had
received such an order, and still under the false impression as to the
importance attached to holding Seminary Hill, I directed all the batteries to
remain in position. A few minutes, however, showed me our infantry rapidly
retreating to the town. All the batteries were at once limbered to the rear,
and moved at a walk down the Cashtown pike until the infantry had all left it
and passed under cover of the railroad embankment. By this time the enemy's
skirmishers had lapped our retreating columns and opened a severe fire from
behind a paling fence running parallel to and within 50 yards of the road. The
pike being clear, the batteries now broke into a trot, but it was too late to
save everything. Lieutenant Wilber's (Battery L, First New York) last piece
had the off wheel-horse shot, and just as he had disengaged it, 3 more of the
horses were shot down and his own horse killed, so that it was impossible for
him to bring it off. It affords me pleasure to say that not the slightest
blame can be attributed to Lieutenant Wilber in the loss of this gun. Three
caissons belonging to Battery B, Fourth U. S. Artillery also broke down before
we entered the town, and the bodies had to by a shell and destroyed. Four
officers were struck while in position on Seminary Hill, two of them severely
wounded. The loss of the batteries during the say's engagement was heavy,
amounting in all to 83 officers and men and about 80 horses. A large
proportion of the last were hit while passing over the short open space between
Seminary Ridge and the town, at he enemy having at that time a fire upon us
from three sides, and our infantry not replying. The batteries passed
immediately through the town along with the other troops, and were placed in
position again on reaching Cemetery Hill along with several of the Eleventh
Corps batteries, so as to command the town and the approach from the northwest
in case the enemy should attempt to follow us through the town. At dusk, no
attack having been made, the batteries on the hill outside the cemetery gate
were posted as follows, and light earthworks thrown up in front of each gun to
protect the men from the fire of the enemy's sharpshooters: Four guns of
Battery B, Fourth U. S. Artillery, across the road so as to command the
approaches from the town (two guns of this battery had been disabled by loss of
pointing rings) along the north front of the hill; four guns of Battery I,
First New York Artillery (Captain Wiedrich's , Eleventh Corps), on the left;
next Cooper's battery and then Reynolds', giving thirteen 3-inch guns on this
front, some of which could also be turned to bear upon the town and our old
position of the morning. The Fifth Maine battery was posted to the right and
some 50 yards in front of this line, on a small knoll, from whence they could
obtain an oblique fire upon the hills in front of our line as well as a
flanking fire at close quarters upon any attacking columns. Captain Hall's
(Second Maine) remaining three guns (the others had been dismounted) were in
position on the left of the cemetery-by order of Major-General Howard - where he
remained during the next day's engagement, after which he reported to General
Tyler for repairs. July 2. - During the morning several moving columns of the
enemy were shelled at intervals, but no engagements occurred until about 4 p.
m. , when they planted a battery of four 20-pounders and six 10-pounder
Parrotts in a wheat-field on our immediate front, at about 1, 300 yards and
opened the most accurate fire I have ever yet seen from their artillery. We
replied with our thirteen 3-inch guns with good effect. It was an hour and a
half, however, before we were able to compel them to withdraw, and then they
hauled off their two right pieces by hand. Twenty-eight dead horses were found
on the knoll occupied by this battery. A portion of the guns again took
position farther to the right, but were soon silenced, as we could bring an
additional number of pieces to beat on them there. Soon after, Captain
Cooper's battery, which had suffered considerably, was relieved by Captain
Rickett's battery of six 3-ich guns. About dusk they again opened from a knoll
on our left and front, distant 1, 800 yards, which fire was followed by a
strong attack upon our position by General Rodes' Louisiana [?] brigade. As
their column filed out of the town they came under the fire of the Fifth Maine
Battery at about 800 yards. Wheeling into line, they swung around, their
right resting on the town, and pushed up the hill, which is quite steep at
this corner. As their line became fully unmasked all the guns which could be
brought to bear were opened on them, at first with shrapnel and afterward with
canister, making a total of fifteen guns in their front and six ont heir left
flank, Their center and left never mounted the hill at all, but their right
worked its way up under cover of the houses, and pushed completely through
Wiesrich's battery into Ricketts'. The cannoneers of both these batteries
stood well to their guns, driving the enemy off with fence -rails and stones
and capturing a few prisoners. I believe it may be claimed that this attack
was almost entirely repelled by the artillery. My surgeon, who was in the
town and dressed many of their wounded that night, tells me that they reported
their loss in this attack as very great. July 3. - There was no serious attack
upon the position we held during this day's fight. The batteries fired
occasional shots at bodies of the enemy's troops in the distance during the
morning, and joined in the general artillery engagement in the afternoon. The
fire of the enemy's batteries was noticed to be much less accurate than on the
previous day, owing, I think, in a measure to their keeping their guns too
much under cover of the hills on which they were posted. With regard to the
behavior of the batteries during this three days' fight, I have only to say
that, all the officers and men performed their duty to my perfect
satisfaction. I would mention the case of a shell exploding immediately under
one of Captain Cooper's guns in the heat of the second day's engagement,
killing or wounding all the detachment around the gun, yet fire from that
piece was reopened before all the wounded men were removed. I do not know that
I can mention any officer or man in the batteries as particularly prominent
above the others, but would respectfully call attention to First Sergt. John
Mitchell, of Battery B, Fourth U. S. Artillery, who took command of the
left halt battery after Lieutenant Davison was wounded, and showed himself as
efficient as an officer during an engagement as I have noticed him to be in his drill
and the general routine of the battery.

I remain, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
C. S. WAINWRIGHT,
Colonel First N. Y. Art. , Comdg. Art. Brig. , First Army Corps.

Report of Major Thomas W. Osborn, First New York Light Artillery,
Commanding Artillery Brigade, Eleventh Army Corps.

HEADQUARTERS ARTILLERY, ELEVENTH CORPS,
July 29, 1863.

SIR: I have the honor to report, concerning the part borne by this command in
the battle of Gettysburg on the 1st, 2d, and 3rd instant, that on the
morning of the 1st instant I moved from Emmitsburg toward Gettysburg with the
artillery of the corps, consisting of five batteries, and marched in the
following order: Captain Dilger in advance with the Third Division, Lieutenant
Wheeler with the First Division and in the center, the three remaining
batteries following closely in rear of the center division. I herewith
enumerate the batteries of the command: Battery G, Fourth U. S. Artillery,
commanded by Lieutenant B. Wilkeson, six light 12-pounders; Battery I,
First Ohio Artillery, commanded by Captain H. Dilger, six light 12-pounders;
Battery K, First Ohio Artillery, commanded by Captain L. Heckman, four
light 12-pounders; Battery I, First New York Artillery, commanded by Captain
M. Wiedrich, six 3-inch, and Thirteenth New York Independent Battery,
commanded by First Lieutenant W. Wheeler, four 3-inch guns. Total, 26 guns.
After moving 5 or 6 miles, I received notice from Major-General Howard that
the First Corps was already engaged with the enemy at Gettysburg, and that I
should move the artillery to the front as rapidly as possible. A little after
10 a. m. the first battery (Dilger's) reached the town, and was ordered by
General Schurz to the front of and 300 yards beyond the town, where he took
position, and at once became engaged with a rebel battery about 1, 000 yards
in its front. This battery was soon supported by another, when Captain Dilger
was compelled to stand the fire from both until the arrival of Wheeler's
battery half an hour later, when I ordered Lieutenant Wheeler to report to
Captain Dilger. The result of this artillery duel was one piece of Wheeler's
battery dismounted and five pieces of the enemy's, which they left upon the
ground; besides, they lost comparatively heavier than we in horsws and materiel.
During the short struggle both batteries changed position several times, and
did so with excellent results and in the best possible manner, Captain Dilger
using much judgment in the selection of his several positions. They did not
leave their immediate locality until the corps was ordered by the commanding
general to fall back to Cemetery Hill. About 11 a. m. Lieutenant Wilkeson
reached the field, and was ordered to report to General Barlow, commanding
the First Division, which was engaged about three-fourths of a mile from the
town and on the left of the York pike. The battery was assigned position by
General Barlow, and when I reached the ground I found it unfortunately near
the enemy's line of infantry, with which they were engaged, as well as two of
his batteries, the concentrated fire of which no battery could withstand.
Almost at the first fire, Lieutenant Wilkeson was mortally wounded, and
carried from the field by 4 of his men. The command of the battery now
devolved upon Lieutenant Bancroft. By changing position several times, the
battery maintained its relative position until the division fell back to the
town, when it retired to Cemetery Hill. During this engagement the battery
was separated into sections or half batteries, and its struggle to maintain
itself was very severe and persistent. Captain Heckman was not ordered in
until the corps had begun to fall back. He was then put into position, with a
view of holding the enemy in check until the corps had time to retire through
the town to the hill beyond, and though he worked his battery to the best of
his ability, the enemy crowded upon it, and was within his battery before he
attempted to retire. SHes was compelled to leave one gun in the hands of the
enemy. I think no censure can be attached to this battery for the of the gun.
The batery was so severely disabled otherwise that I was compelled to send it
to the rear, thus losing the benefit of it during the fight of the second and
third days. Captain Wiedrich was assigned, on his arrival upon the field, to
a position on the hill immediately in front of the cemetery entrance and
overlooking the town. She was engaged several times during the day with the
enemy's artillery at a long range. He maintained the same position during the
three days' fighting, but on this p. m. Colonel Wainwright, chief of
artillery First Corps, took command of his battery, with the artillery on
that side of the Baltimore pike. The artillery of the corps ceased firing for
the day, when the corps fell back to Cemetery Hill. I would remark here that
during the p. m. of the 1st and the a. m. of the 2d, I furnished Colonel
Wainwright, Chief of artillery First Corps, with ammunition from the Eleventh
Corps train, the train of the First Corps not being within reach. This of
necessity caused considerable annoyance later in the engagement, on account of
the difficulty in procuring a supply of ammunition sufficient to cover the
great expenditure wd were compelled to make throungh the engagement. On the
morning of the 2d, I applied to General Hunt, chief of artilery Army of the
Potomac for a greater amount of artillery than we then had, as our position
was finely adapted to its use, and I did not consider that we had sufficient
to assist our small infantry force in holding the position if the enemy should
attack us in heavy force. The following batteries were ordered to report to
me: Battery H, First U. S. Artillery, Lieutenant Eakin, six light
12-pounders; Fifth New York Independent Battery, Captain Taft, six
20-pounder parrotts; Battery C, First West Virginia Artillery, Captain Hill, four
10-pounder Parrotts; Battery H, First Ohio Artillery, Captain huntington,
six 3-inch rifles; Second Maine Battery, Captain Hall, four 3-inch rifles;
First New Hampshire Battery, Captain [Edgell] six 3-inch rifles. Total, 32.
Heckman's battery having been sent to the rear and one gun of Wheeler's battery
dismounted, gave us on the morning of the 2nd a total of fifty-two guns. In
the morning, before General Slocum had occupied his position, and while he
was doing so, I placed theree batteries on the right of the Baltimore road,
commanding the ravine between the two prominent hills on our right; yet, as
General Slocum withstood every assault on his lines without assistance, later
in the day I withdrew these batteries to the hill. As soon as the enemy
developed the position he would probably occupy with his batteries, I placed
mine in position commanding them. By the assignment on the hill, Dilger had
the right, resting next the Baltimore road and parallel with the Emmitsburg
road; on his left, and in order, were Bancroft, Eakin, Wheeler, Hill and
Hall, commanding the enemy's batteries to the right of the town; and across
the Baltimore road I placed Taft in rear of and perpendicular to Bancroft;
also Huntington in real of and perpendicular to Wheeler, but farther in the
rear of Wheeler than Taft was of Bancroft, so that Taft's battery would not
obstruct his line of fire. By this assignment of artillery, I commanded with
a reputable number of guns every point on which the enemy could place artillery
commanding Cemetery Hill. I also occupied every point of the hill available
for artillery, and during the engagement every gun, at different times, was
used with good effect, and the fire of no one gun interfered with the fire of
another. A sharp curve in the side of the hill also afforded good and
conventient protection for the caissons. Most of the day the firing of the
enemy's artillery was irregular, they scarcely opening more than one battery
at a time, and when they did so we readily silenced them. On our entire front
the enemy held a fine crest for the protection of aratillery, at a distance of
1, 000 to 1, 400 yards from us; but at the time the heavy attack was made on
the extreme left of our line, the firing was very severe, and especially upon
the hill. They engaged the greater portion of our whole line, and from both
the right and left of the town much of the fire was concentrated on our
position, but we soon gained a decided advantage over them, and long before
the infantry struggle on the left was decidend, we had silenced most of their
guns. In this artillery fire, Lieutenant Eakin was wounded in the hip, and
carried from the field. Between 7 and 8 o'clock in the evening, a rebel
brigade charged from the town upon the hill and upon Captain Wiedrich's
battery. The charge was very impetuous, and the infantry at first gave way,
and the battery was held for a moment by the enemy, when the cannoneers
rallied with the infantry, and, seizing upon any weapons they could reach,
threw themselves upon the enemy, and assisted to drive them back. All was
done that could be, both before and after the repulse of the enemy, by the
use of canister upon their ranks. Colonel Wainwright speaks in highly
complimentary terms of toth officers and men for their galant conduct on this
occasion. Although the command was much exhausted by the two days'work, most
of the night was passed in replenishing the batteries with ammunition and making
repairs. on the morning of the 3d, we were in position the same as on the 2d,
but little was done during the a. m. by our corps. Occasionally a rebel
battery would open upon the cemetery, evidently with a view to obtain the
exact elevation and time to make their fire offective in the p. m. 's work on
our position. At each attempt we silenced them, with but little loss to
ourselves. About 2 p. m. they opened along our whole front with an unbroken
line of artillery, and also heavily on our right flank, apparently using
every description of missiles and field artillery. The crest which the enemy
occupied varied from 1, 000 to 1, 900 yards distance, and afforded an
excellent protection. I judge that the guns of not less than one-half mile of
this front were concentrated on our position, besides several batteries on our
right, which enfiladed our position, excepting Captains Taft's and
Huntington's batteries. Our artillery endured this fire with surprising
coolnes and determination. No battery even shoved a disposition to retire,
and several times during the cannonading wd silenced several of their
batteries, but at a moment's cessation on our part they would reopenupon us.
The fire was extremely galling, and by comparing the rapidity with which the
shells fell among and passed by our guns with the rapidity with which our guns
replied, the number of guns playing on the hill was very much greater than the
number in position there; probably double. Our guns were worked with great
coolness, energy, and judgment, but as no satisfactory results were
obtained, I ordered all our guns to cease firing, and the men to lie down to
await developments. At the same time the artillery of our entire front ceased
firing, and a few moments later the infantry of the enemy broke over the crest
from where their artillery had been playing, and made their grand charage
across the plain upon our lines. The left of the charging column rested on a
line perpendicular to our front, then stretching away to the right beyond our
view, thus offering an excelent front for our artillery fire. We used,
according to distance, all descripions of projectiles. The whole force of our
artillery was brought to bear upon this column, and the havoc produced upon
their ranks was truly surprising. The enemy's advance was most splendid, and
for a considerable distance the only hinderance offered it was by the
artillery, which broke their lines fearfully, as every moment showed that
their advance under this concentrated artillery fire was most difficult; and
though they made desperate efforts to advance in good order, were unable to do
so, and I am convinced that the fire from the hill was one of the main
auxiliaries in breaking the force of this grand charge. But while the enemy
was advancing, and after having been repulsed, I insisted that the artillery
fire should be turned intensely upon the infantry, and no notice whetever was
to be taken of their artillery. I am not able to speak of any one or lmore
batteries as deserving especial notice over another. Every battery did its
whole duty; the officers proved themselves brave and efficient, and the men
on the battle-field were most willing, brave, and gallant; in fact, the
only fault I could mention was too great willingness to luse ammunition at
small squads of men and on unimportant objects, yet this was not carried to
excess. The artillery of the reserve proved all that could be expected or
even asked of it; without their assistance I do not conceive how I could have
maintained the position we held. I feel most thankful for their assistance,
and the very willing and cordial manner in which it was rendered. I would also
speak of Lieutenant George W. Freeman, acting assistant adjutant-general of
the command, for the great assistance he was to me and to the whole command
during the engagement. I am unable to give any definite estimate of the amount
of ammunition expended during the engagement. After we had exhausted the
supply with the batteries, I replenished from our train. Colonel Wainwright,
on the p. m. of the 1st, also replenished from our train, and, after this
source was exhausted, I drew from the reserve train of the army. The
casualties of this command are as follows. * Our loss in pieces and horses is
as follows:

...........................................................................................Horses killed.

Battery G, Fourth U. S. Artillery ................................................... 31

Battery I. First Ohio Artillery(one piece disabled) .......................... 28

Battery K, First Ohio Artillery(one piece lost) ................................. 9

Battery I, First New York Artillery(one piece dismounted)............. 18

Thirteenth New York Independent Battery
(one piece dismounted)................................................................. 12

Total ............................................................................................ 98

I am, respectfully, your obedient servant,
T. W. OSBORN,
Major, Commanding Artillery, Eleventh Corps.

Reports of Captain Augustus P. Martin, Third Massachusetts Battery,
Commanding Artillery Brigade, Fifth Army Corps.

GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of
the Artillery Brigade, Fifth Corps, at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa. : The
artillery entered the field between 4 and 5 p. m. on the 2nd instant, three
batteries in rear of the First Division, viz: Battery D, Fifth U. S.
Artillery, First Lieutenant Charles E. Hazlett commanding; Battery C,
Massachusetts Artillery, First Lieutenant Aaron F. Walcott commanding, and
Battery I, Fifth U. S. Artillery, First Lieutenant M. F. Watson
commanding. Two batteries in rear of the Second Division, viz: Battery L,
First Ohio Artillery, Captain Frank C. Gibbs commanding, and Battery C,
First New York Artillery, Captain Almont Barnes commanding. On the 2nd
instant, about 4. 30 p. m. , Battery D, Fifth U. S. Artillery, was moved
to the left of the First Division about three-quarters of a mile, and posted
on an eminence known as Rock Hill [Round Top], forming a line nearly
perpendicular to that of the First Division. Immediately upon taking up the
position, the battery opened upon the enemy, who was engaging the First
Division, completely enfilading the enemy's lines with marked effect. The
battery kept up a continuous fire until dark. On the 3rd instant, the battery
opened upon the enemy at intervals during the day, whenever he made his
appearance in force.
The battery remained in position until the 5th instant, when it was withdrawn,
and took up the line of march with the corps. First Lieutenant B. F.
Rittenhouse says: The battery had been engaged only about an hour, when First
Lieutenant Charles E. Hazlett [who commanded the battery] was shot in the
head. He was carried to the rear, and died at 8 p. m. In his death the
Government has lost one of its bravest and most able officers. Second
Lieutenants Charles H. Carroll and Samuel Peeples, Fifth U. S. Artillery,
serving with Battery D, the latter having reported to this battery on the 3rd
instant, after the battery with which he was serving [Battery I, Fifth U. S.
Artillery] was disabled, deserve especial mention for their services during
the engagement; also First Lieutenant B. F. Rittenhouse, upon whom the
command of the battery devolved after the death of the lamented Hazlett,
deserves credit for the manner in which the battery was served. The battery
lost in killed, 1 officer and 6 men; in wounded, 6 men. Battery C,
Massachusetts Artillery, and I, Fifth U. S. Artillery, were left in rear of
the line of battle of the First Division, with instructions to await orders.
When positions had been selected and orders sent for the batteries to move to
the front, they were not to be found. Subsequently Battery C, Massachusetts
Artillery, was found in rear of the Third Corps. The officer commanding
reported that he had been ordered there by an officer of General Sickles'
staff, who had orders to take any batteries he could find, no matter where
they belonged. Battery I, Fifth U. S. Artillery, was taken in the same way,
thus depriving the Fifth Corps of its proper amount of artillery. Battery C,
Massachusetts Artillery, not having been relieved until about dark, was not
put in position with the Fifth Corps. The battery lost 6 men slightly wounded,
a list of which is inclosed; also 2 horses killed and 4 wounded. Battery I,
Fifth U. S. Artillery, was placed in position by some unknown officer of the
Third Corps. Second Lieutenant MacConnell, upon whom the command of the
battery devolved when Lieutenant Watson was wounded, says: The battery was
without support of any kind. The enemy appeared shortly - say twenty minutes -
after taking position, nearly in front, at a distance of about 350 yards,
and the battery immediately opened on them with shell. As they approached
nearer, the battery poured in canister, some twenty rounds, until men and
horses were shot down or disabled to such an extent that the battery was
abandoned. It was, however, soon recaptured by the bravery and determination
of Second Lieutenant Samuel Peeples, Fifth U. S. Artillery, who, having
procured the services of the Garibaldi Guards, took a musket and led the
charge himself, driving the enemy from the guns, and retaking everything that
was lost, and conveyed it safely to the rear. Second Lieutenant MacConnell
says: First Lieutenant M. F. Watson, commanding the battery, was wounded in
the opening of the engagement, while in the faithful discharge of his duties.
The conduct of officers and men throughout was unexceptionable. He also says:
I would particularly notice the gallantry of Second Lieutenant Peeples and
First Sergt. Lemuel Smith. The former I would most respectfully recommend for
a bravest first lieutenancy, and the latter, in my opinion, is most
deserving of promotion.

On the 3rd instant, the battery was reported unserviceable, and General
Sykes, commanding corps, directed Lieutenant MacConell, with the approval of
Brigadier-General Hunt, chief of artillery, Army of the Potomac, to go to
Westminster, Md. It subsequently moved to Frederick City, Md. , where
Lieutenant MacConnell received orders from headquarters Army of the Potomac to
report with the battery to Washington for re-equipment. The battery lost in
killed, wounded, and missing, 1 officer and 21 men, a list of which is
herewith inclosed; also 41 horses. The report of ammunition expended is not
included in the report of the battery commandant. Battery L, First Ohio
Artillery, Captain F. C. Gibbs, moved up to the field in rear of the Second
Division. One section, commanded by First Lieutenant Guthrie, was posted on
the slope of the hill known as Rock Hill [Round Top], to the right of Battery
D, Fifth U. S. Artillery. Another section, under command of First
Lieutenant Walworth, was posted at the base of the hill, commanding the
ravine in font of Rock Hill [Round Top]. The remaining section was held in
reserve. The two sections posted in front opened upon the enemy, when he
advanced upon our lines, with spherical case and canister, doing good service
in checking the advance of the enemy. First Lieutenant H. F. Guthrie and his
section deserve special mention for the splendid manner in which the section
was served. On the 3rd instant, the section in reserve was posted on the slope
of the hill between Battery D, Fifth U. S. Artillery, and First Lieutenant
Guthrie's section. This battery did not open upon the enemy on the 3rd
instant, they being out of range of light 12-pounder guns. The battery lost 2
men severely wounded; also 1 horse killed and 4 wounded. Battery C, First New
York Artillery, Captain Almont Barnes, took up position on the right of
Battery L, First Ohio Artillery, with instructions not to fire until orders
reached him to do so, the First and Second Divisions being in line covering
his front. The battery remained in position under fire until the fighting
ceased, without firing a shot or losing anything in men, horses, or
materiel. At 3 a. m. on the 3rd instant, in compliance with orders, Captain
Barnes reported with Battery C, Massachusetts Artillery, and Battery C,
First New York Artillery, to Brigadier-General Howe, commanding division in
the Sixth Corps, and moved to the extreme left of the line, and there
remained in position without being engaged until the close of the engagement.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. P. MARTIN,
Captain, Commanding Artillery Brigade, Fifth Corps.

Report of Lieutenant Edward D. Muhlenberg, Fourth U. S. Artillery,
Commanding Artillery Brigade, Twelfth Army Corps.

GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following movements and operations of
the artillery arm of the Twelfth Corps, from the date of its departure from
camp at Aquia to its arrival in its present position: The brigade-F, Fourth U.
S. Artillery; K, Fifth U. S. Artillery; Knap's Independent Pennsylvania,
and M, First New York-broke camp on June 13. Marched, via Stafford
Court-House, Dumfries and Occoquan City, to Fairfax Court-House, Va. Left
the latter place, and occupied Leesburg on the 17th, the batteries, to be
prepared for any emergency, taking positions near the fortifications situated
on the west, northeast, and southeast approaches to said place. On the 26th,
the corps was again in motion. Two batteries (F, Fourth U. S. Artillery,
and M, First New York), with First Division, and two (K, Fifth U. S.
Artillery and Knap's Independent Pennsylvania), with Second Division, crossed
the Potomac at Edwards Ferry; marched, via Rockville, Jefferson, Frederick,
and Brentsville Md. , to Littlestown, Pa. , entering the latter place on
the 30th. On July 1, the brigade, moving along the Baltimore pike to a point
5 miles southeast of Gettysburg, called Two Taverns, took position there to
counterattack any movement of the enemy from the Hanover side. About noon of
the same day, the two batteries attached to it moved with the First Division
away from the pike in a northeasterly direction toward the Hanover road, and,
approaching Gettysburg from the east, took position on tolerably favorable
ground about 1 1/2 miles from it; the two batteries moving with the Second
Division along the Baltimore pike encamped about the same distance from the
town. On the morning of the 2d, the batteries operating with First Division
moved with it over to the baltimore pike. The infantry, going into the heavy
woods on the northeast side of same and forming junction with the Second
Division, completed the right wing of the army. The density of the growth of
timber, the irregularity and extremely broken character of the ground,
studded with immense boulders, prevented the artillery from taking position in
the line proper of the corps. It was, therefore, held in reserve and
readiness to answer all calls which might be made upon it by the future
movements of the opposing forces. The enemy seriously annoying the left of the
line of the Twelfth, a vacant space eligible for a battery was found a bout
200 yards on the right of the First Corps. At 3. 30 p. m. one gun
(10-pounder Parrott), and at 5 p. m. two more of the same caliber, Knap's
Independent Pennsylvania, the three under charge of Lieutenant Gearyl, were
placed in position, and were joined by one section of 12-pounder Napoleons (K,
Fifth U. S. Artillery), under charge of Second Lieutenant William E. Van
Reed. The moment their presence was observed, the enemy opened with eight
guns; continued an incessant fire for some thirty minutes; then, having a
caisson exploded, ceased. The conduct of both the officers above mentioned,
as well as of their commands, is creditable in the highest degree. The
remarkable coolness exhibited under a very galling fire, and the bravery
displayed in sustaining all the parts assigned to them, deserve notice. In
this engagement, or artillery duel, Lieutenant Geary had 1 killed and 2
wounded; Lieutenant Van Reed, 2 mortally and 3 severely wounded. The rebel
artillery having ceased firing, no infantry making its appearance, and the
corps having been ordered to the left of the army, to support it, if
necessary, these guns were withdrawn from the above position, and Knap's
Independent Pennsylvania Battery, Lieutenant Charles A. Atwell commanding,
was placed on a knob situated south west of the pike 100 yards from it, and
known on that day as Slocum's Hill; Battery M, First New York Artillery,
Lieutenant Winegar commanding, on a second elevation, a quarter of a mile
distant, and nearly due east from the first mentioned, both overlooking and
commanding the ground just vacated by the corps. These two batteries retained
these positions during the whole engagement and did excellent service. Battery
F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, and Battery K, Fifth U. S. Artillery,
remained in park at base of the Slocum's Hill, ready for a move to the left,
if called upon. After the return of the corps from the left, it found the
greater portion of its intrenchments already in possession of the enemy,
supposed to be a portion of its intrenchments already in possession of the
enemy, supposed to be a portion of General Ewell's corps, variously estimated
from 5, 000 to 8, 000 strong. On the morning of the 3d, at 1 a. m. ,
Batteries F, Fourth U. S. Artillery, and K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, were
placed in position parallel to and on the southwest side of the Baltimore pike,
almost directly opposite the center of the line formed by the Twelfth, and
controlling the approach of the enemy along the ravine formed by the stream
known as Rock Creek. At 4. 30 a. m. the two rifle batteries (ten guns) and
the two light 12-pounder batteries (ten guns) opened, and fired for fifteen
minutes without intermission at a range of from 600 to 800 yards; ceased
firing, and allowed infantry to take part. Commenced at 5. 30 a. m. , and
continued firing at intervals until 10 a. m. , at which hour the enemy had
retreated and the infantry of the corps had regained their works.

The artillery was of essential service, and did excellent execution at this
part of the field, and no doubt contributed greatly in preventing the enemy
from establishing himself in so desirable a position, whence he could either
have held the pike or have moved his force along the southeast slope and
occupied a sufficiency of Cemetery Hill to annoy, if not to entirely control,
the position held by the army. The marks on the trees and immense boulders
contiguous to the line of intrenchments prove conclusively that the practice of
the artillery was excellent and splendidly accurate. Batteries F, Fourth U.
S. Artillery, and K, Fifth U. S. Artillery, remaining in the position
just mentioned, were exposed to a most terrific fire during the afternoon of
the 3d, the enemy opening with all his artillery upon the left and center of
the army. The direction of their lines of fire was such that almost every
projectile passing over Cemetery Hill found its bed within the battery line of
these two batteries. The commands stood nobly under this unexpected and
incessant hail, and displayed by their actions the attributes of true
soldiers. I take the greatest pleasure in presenting to your favorable notice
Lieutenant D. H. Kinzie, commanding Battery K, Fifth U. S. Artillery,
and his second lieutenant, William Egan, as well as Lieutenant S. T. Rugg,
of my own command, Battery F, Fourth U. S. Artillery. The batteries,
observing the same order of march as before, moved with the corps on the 5th,
via Littlestown, Pa. , Frederick, Burkittsville (one section in position at
Crampton's Gap on the 8th, under Second Lieutenant S. T. Rugg),
Rohrersville, Bakersville, and Fair Play, Md. , and took position on the
12th on the left of the new line of battle, 1 mile from Jones' Cross-Roads,
on the west side of the Hagerstown and Sharpsburg pike. Remained here until
the 14th. Made a reconnaissance with the First Division batteries toward
Falling Waters, and found the enemy had recrossed the Potomac Broke camp on
the 15th. Recrossed the Potomac at Harper's Ferry on the 19th. Marched, via
Snickersville, Paris, Manassas Gap, Rectortown, White Plains, Thoroughfare
Gap, Hay Market, Catlett's Station, and Warrenton Junction, to our present
position, on the south side of the Rappahannock River, which we reached on
the 30th ultimo. A list of casualties is herewith annexed. *

I have the honor to remain, Your most obedient servant,
EDWARD D. MUHLENBERG,
First Lieutenant 4th U. S. Arty. , Comdg. Arty, Brig. , 12th Corps.

Report of Captain John G. Hayard, First Rhode Island Light Artillery,
Commanding Artillery Brigade, Second Army Corps.

HDQRS. ARTILLERY BRIGADE, SECOND ARMY CORPS,
August 1, 1863.

SIR: I have the honor to transmit the following report of the part taken by
the batteries of this brigade in the battle of July 2 and 3. On the morning of
July 1, the brigade-composed of Light Company I, First U. S. Artillery,
First Lieutenant George A. Woodruff commanding; Battery A, Fourth U. S.
Artillery, First Lieutenant A. H. Cushing commanding; Battery A,
First Rhode Island Light Artillery, Captain W. A. Arnold commanding;
Battery B, First Rhode Island Light Artillery,
First Lieutenant T. Frederick Brown commanding; Battery B, First New York
Artillery, Captain J. M. Rorty commanding-moved from Uniontown, Md. , to
Taneytown, where a halt of three hours was made. At 2 p. m. the brigade
moved toward Gettysburg, Pa. , to the support of the First Corps, then
engaged with the enemy, and at 11 p. m. went into position 3 miles southeast
of Gettysburg, on the Taneytown road and facing Gettysburg. The brigade moved
with the corps at daylight on July 2 toward Gettysburg, and, upon the
establishment of the battle-line of the corps to the left of the Taneytown
road, took position in the following order, as shown in the diagram: On the
right, in a grove, Light Company I [six light 12-pounders]; 150 yards to the
left, Battery A, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, and Battery A, Fourth
U. S. Artillery [both six 3-inch batteries]. Upon their left was placed
Battery B, First Rhode Island Light Artillery [six light 12-pounders], while
to the extreme left, and operating with the First Division of the corps, was
placed Battery B, First New York Artillery [four 10-pounder Parrotts]. At 11
a. m. the enemy was seen in force in the woods to the front and right, and
shell and case shot were fired till their disappearance. The enemy opened with
artillery several times during the day, but was always silenced by the
concentrated fire of our own artillery. About 4 p. m. the Third Corps
advanced to the Emmitsburg road, and, upon being repulsed, our lines were
opened upon by the enemy with artillery. A vigorous fire was returned. At 6
p. m. the enemy advanced in force, and, after a sharp contest, our lines
were pushed back several hundred yards, the two batteries on the left-Battery
B, First New York Artillery, m and Battery B, First Rhode Island Light
Artillery-conforming their movement to that of the infantry. Upon gaining a
more commanding position upon the crest of the hill, a rapid fire was opened
upon the enemy, causing

great slaughter, and steadily driving them back. The two batteries on the
left, being at the main point of attack on the left and center of the line,
suffered most severely. Battery B, First New York Artillery, lost 1 man
killed, 8 men wounded, and 13 horses disabled. Battery B, First Rhode
Island Light Artillery, lost 1 man killed, 7 men wounded, and 2 missing.
This battery was exposed to a most severe infantry fire; 24 horses were killed
and 6 disabled, and it became necessary to send two guns to the rear. First
Lieutenant T. Fred. Brown was severely wounded in the neck by a musket-shot
while gallantly commanding the battery, and the command devolved upon First
Lieutenant W. S. Perrin. First Lieutenant Samuel Canby, Battery A, Fourth U.
S. Artillery, was severely wounded in the hand. The morning of July 3 was
quiet until about 8 o'clock, when the enemy suddenly opened fire upon our
position, exploding three limbers of Battery A, Fourth U. S. Artillery, but
otherwise causing little loss. Little reply was mad, save by Light Company I,
First U. S. Artillery, which battery during the forenoon had eight separate
engagements with the enemy. At 1 p. m. the artillery of the enemy opened
along the whole line, and for and hour and a quarter we were subjected to a
very warm artillery fire.
The batteries did not at first reply, till the fire of the enemy becoming too
terrible, they returned it till all their ammunition, excepting canister,
had been expended; they then waited for the anticipated infantry attack of the
enemy. Battery B, First New York Artillery, was entirely exhausted; its
ammunition expended; its horses and men killed and disabled; the commanding
officer, Captain J. M. Rorty, killed, and senior First Lieutenant A. S.
Sheldon severely wounded. The other batteries were in similar condition;
still, they bided the attack. The rebel lines advanced slowly but surely;
half the valley had been passed over by them before the guns dared expend a
round of the precious ammunition remaining on hand. The enemy steadily
approached, and, when within deadly range, canister was thrown with terrible
effect into their ranks. Battery A, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, had
expended every round, and the lines of the enemy still advanced. Cushing was
killed; Milne had fallen, mortally wounded; their battery was exhausted,
their ammunition gone, and it was feared the guns would be lost if not
withdrawn. At this trying moment the two batteries were taken away; but
Woodruff still remained in the grove, and poured death and destruction into
the rebel lines. They had gained the crest, and but few shots remained. All
seemed lost, and the enemy, exultant, rushed on. But on reaching the crest
they found our infantry, fresh and waiting on the opposite side. The tide
turned; backward and downward rushed the rebel line, shattered and broken,
and the victory was gained. Woodruff, who had gallantly commanded the battery
through the action of July 2 and 3, fell, mortally wounded, at the very
moment of victory. The command of the battery devolved upon Second Lieutenant
Tully McCrea, First U. S. Artillery. Batteries from the Artillery Reserve of
the army immediately occupied the positions vacated by the exhausted batteries
of the brigade, and immediate efforts were made to recuperate and restore them
to serviceable condition. So great was the loss in officers, men, and
horses, that it was found necessary to consolidate Light Company I, First U.
S. Artillery, Battery A, Fourth U. S. Artillery, and Batteries A and B,
First Rhode Island Light Artillery, thus reducing the five batteries that
entered the fight to three. The greatest praise is due to the gallantry and
courage of the officers and men of the brigade, of whom one-third were either
killed or wounded. The fire under which they fought on the afternoon of July 3
was most severe and terrible, as the inclosed list of killed, wounded, and
missing* will sufficiently testify. In the death of Captain J. M. Rorty the
brigade has lost a worthy officer, a gallant soldier, and an estimable man.
He had enjoyed his new position but one day, having assumed command of Battery
B, First New York Artillery, on July 2, as it was about to engage the enemy.
First Lieutenant A. H. Cushing, commanding Battery A, Fourth U. S.
Artillery, fell on July 3, mortally wounded by a musket-shot. He especially
distinguished himself for his extreme gallantry and bravery, his courage and
ability, and his love his profession. His untimely death and the loss of
such a promise as his youth cherished are sincerely mourned. First Lieutenant
George A. Woodruff, commanding Light Company I, First U. S. Artillery, fell,
mortally wounded, on July 3, while the rebel lines, after a most successful
and daring advance, were being pushed back in destruction and defeat.
To the manner in which the guns of his battery were served and his unflinching
courage and determination may be due the pertinacity with which this part of the
line was so gallantly held under a most severe attack.
Lieutenant Woodruff was an able soldier, distinguished for his
excellent judgment and firmness in execution, and his loss is one which cannot
be easily replaced. He expired on July 4, and, at his own request, was
buried on the field on which he had yielded his life to his country. Second
Lieutenant Joseph S. Milne, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, was mortally
wounded on the afternoon of July 3 by a musket-shot through the lungs. He
survived his wound one week, and breathed his last at Gettysburg on July 10.
In his regiment he was noted for his bravery and willingness to encounter death
in any guise, while his modesty and manliness gained for him the ready esteem
of his many comrades. His death is a loss to all, and we cannot but mourn
that so bright a life should thus suddenly be veiled in death. At the time of
his decease he was attached to Battery A, Fourth U. S. Artillery, with which
battery he had served during the campaign. Every officer in this battery was
either killed or wounded. First Lieutenant T. Fred. Brown, Battery B, First
Rhode Island Light Artillery, was severely wounded in the neck on the
afternoon of July 2. This officer deserves great praise for the cool and able
manner in which he commanded his battery, although exposed to a most galling
infantry fire, in a position to the front of the line of the corps, where his
horses were shot down faster than they could be replaced. The guns were served
admirably and with precision, driving the rebels with great loss. Honorable
mention should be made of First Lieutenant A. S. Sheldon, Battery B, First
New York Artillery, wounded on the afternoon of July 3; of Captain W. A.
Arnold, commanding Battery A, First Rhode Island Light Artillery, who,
after gallantly fighting his own battery and saving it, also withdrew the
battery of A, Fourth U. S. Artillery, Cushing and Milne having fallen; of
Second Lieuts. Tully McCrea and John Egan, First U. S. Artillery, for their
distinguished coolness and bravery, and of First Lieutenant R. E. Rogers,
First New York Artillery, upon whom the command of Battery B, First New York
Artillery, finally devolved. Special mention is made of First Sergt.
Frederick Fuger, of Battery A, Fourth U. S. Artillery, for his bravery
during the battle, especially exhibited when all his officers had fallen, and
he, in the heat of the fire, was obliged to assume command of the company.
He is most earnestly recommended for promotion, having proved himself a brave
soldier and a modest but competent officer. I beg leave to call particular
attention to First Lieutenant G. L. Dwight, ordnance officer and acting
adjutant of the brigade, for the untiring energy displayed in supplying the
brigade with ammunition, and the efficient service rendered in the field.
Reposing the utmost confidence in this officer's abilities,

I most respectfully recommend him for promotion.
JNO. G. HAZARD,
Captain First Rhode Island Light Artillery, Comdg, Brigade.

Report of Captain John C. Tidball, Second U. S. Artillery,
Commanding Second Brigade, Horse Artillery.

CAMP NEAR WARRENTON, VA. ,
AUGUST 4, 1863.

SIR: I HAVE THE HONOR TO SUBMIT HEREWITH THE REPORTS OF LIEUTENANT CALEF,
COMMANDING HORSE BATTERY A, SECOND U. S. ARTILLERY, AND

LIEUTENANT FULLER, COMMANDING HORSE BATTERY C, THIRD U. S. ARTILLERY,
DETAILING IN AS CONCISE FORM AS POSSIBLE THE OPERATIONS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE
BATTERIES IN THE RECENT MOVEMENTS OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, WHICH RESULTED
SO SUCCESSFULLY IN THE EXPULSION OF THE CONFEDERATE ARMY FROM PENNSYLVANIA AND
MARYLAND. IN SUBMITTING THESE REPORTS, IT IS UNNECESSARY FOR ME TO ADD
ANYTHING TO SHOW THE IMPORTANT PART ACTED BY THESE BATTERIES IN CONJUNCTION
WITH THE CAVALRY WITH WHICH THEY WERE SERVING IN THESE OPERATIONS. NEVER IN
THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC HAS SUCH ARDUOUS SERVICE BEEN REQUIRED OF BATTERIES,
AND IN EVERY INSTANCE IN MARCHING AND INFIGHTING THEY PROVED THEMSELVES EQUAL
TO ALL REQUIREMENTS, AND RECEIVED THE WELL-EARNED COMMENDATION OF THOSE WITH
WHOM THEY SERVED. AS THE OPERATIONS OF THE CAVALRY ARE MOSTLY ON THE EXTERIOR
OF THE ARMY AND OUT OF VIEW OF THE GREATER PART OF IT, BUT AN IMPERFECT
KNOWLEDGE EXISTS OF THE IMPORTANCE AND ARDUOUSNESS OF ITS SERVICE. SO ALSO OF
THE BATTERIES OF HORSE ARTILLERY SERVING WITH THE CAVALRY; BATTERIES AND
SECTIONS, CONSTANTLY DETACHED AND FREQUENTLY ENGAGED WITH THE ENEMY, WITH
THAT UNCERTAINTY OF POSITION, FORCE, AND OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH ALWAYS
ATTEND RECONNAISSANCES AND SKIRMISHING, NECESSARILY CALL TO THE FULLEST EXTENT
FOR THE INTELLIGENCE AND ALL OTHER RESOURCES OF THE OFFICERS COMMANDING, AND
IT IS WITH PRIDE AND SATISFACTION THAT I REQUEST THE SPECIAL ATTENTION OF THE
MAJOR-GENERAL COMMANDING TO THE RECENT SERVICES OF SECOND LIEUTENANTS CALEF AND
RODER, OF HORSE BATTERY A, SECOND U. S. ARTILLERY, AND OF FIRST
LIEUTENANTS FULLER, MEINELL, AND KELLY, AND SECOND LIEUTENANT LANCASTER, OF
HORSE BATTERY C, THIRD U. S. ARTILLERY. HORSE BATTERY K, FIRST U. S.
ARTILLERY (GRAHAM'S), AND E, FIRST U. S. ARTILLERY (RANDOL'S), THE OTHER
TWO OF THE SECOND BRIGADE, HORSE ARTILLERY, ARE STILL DETACHED WITH THE FIRST
AND SECOND CAVALRY DIVISIONS, AND THE REPORTS OF THEIR OPERATIONS WILL
DOUBTLESS BE MADE THROUGH THE COMMANDING OFFICERS OF THOSE DIVISIONS.

VERY RESPECTFULLY, YOUR OBEDIENT SERVANT,
J. C. TIDBALL,
Captain 2nd U. S. ARTILLERY, COMDG. 2nd BRIG. , HORSE ARTILLERY.

SPECIAL ORDERS, } HEADQUARTERS CAVALRY CORPS,
Numbers 122.} August 16,1863.

IV. The batteries of horse artillery belonging to the Second Brigade
(Tidball's), serving with corps, will be replaced by batteries from the First
(or Robertson's) Brigade, after which Captain Tidball will report with his
brigade to Brigadier-General Tyler, commanding Artillery Reserve.

V. To equalize the number of batteries in the brigade, the Ninth Michigan
Battery is transferred to the Second Brigade Horse Artillery.

By command of Major-General Pleasonton:
A. J. ALEXANDER, Assistant Adjutant-General.

Reports of Brigadier General Robert O. Tyler,
U.S. Army, commanding Artillery Reserve, Army of the Potomac.

HEADQUARTERS ARTILLERY RESERVE,
Camp near Warrenton Junction, Va, August 30, 1863.

GENERAL: I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the operations of the
Artillery Reserve, from June 28 to july 4. I also inclose the reports of
brigade, battery, and other commanders. June 28. - The reserve remained in
camp near Frederick City.

At night Captain Robertson's brigade of horse artillery, temporarily attached,
was ordered to join the command of Major-General Pleasonton. June 29. -
Marched from Frederick City to about 1 mile beyond Brucevile. June 30. -
Marched to Taneytown, and encamped a short distance beyond the village, on
the Emmitsburg turnpike. On the evening of July 1, I was ordered to proceed
to Gettysburg with about eight batteries and report to Major-General Hancock.
I detailed the brigades of Captains Ransom and Fitzhugh, and, leaving about
sundown, reported with them to General Gibbon, in the absence of General
Hancock, at ebbed 10. 30 p. m. The same day, Lieutenant Sheldon, with his
battery (B, First New York Artillery), was ordered to report to the chief of
artillery of the Second Corps. I encamped that night on the Taneytown road,
near the cross-road leading to Two Taverns. July 2. - In the morning I moved
from camp with my brigades, and placed them in park behind the line of battle
of the Third Corps, about 1 1/2 miles from Gettysburg. The remainder of the
reserve batteries, having been ordered to join me, left Taneytown at early
dawn, under command of Major McGilvery, and reported to me with the
ammunition train about 10. 30 a. m. They were held in reserve on a cross-road
between the main road and the Baltimore turnpike. Much to my regret, the two
batteries of 4 1/2-inch guns (B and M, First Connecticut Artillery) were
ordered to Westminster, to remain with the supply train. I am satisfied that
the action of Gettysburg would have demonstrated their extreme mobility and
usefulness as field guns, in addition to their already proved excellence as
guns of position. Early in the day I stationed Captains Fitzhugh ( K, First
New York Artillery) and Rigby (A, First Maryland Artillery) and Lieutenant
Parsons (A, First New Jersey Artillery) along the Baltimore turnpike at points
designated by Generals Meade and Hunt. At 3. 30 p. m. , pursuant to
instructions received, I ordered Major McGilvery with two batteries (Fifteenth
New York Battery and C and F, Pennsylvania artillery) of his brigade to report
to Major-General Sickles. Afterward, as the action went on, I sent forward,
as they were called for, the remaining batteries of that brigade, and in
addition, those commanded by Captains Sterling (Second Connecticut Battery)
and Ames (G, First New York Artillery), making in all six batteries of
thirty-four guns. These Batteries were placed in position so as to fire upon
the masses of the enemy moving up on our left flank, which made the general
artillery line make a large angle to the infantry line of battle, and exposed
it to a very galling enfilading fire of the enemy's artillery, in addition to
the continual annoyance of their sharpshooters. These batteries, under Major
McGilvery, held their places, doing terrible execution upon the successive
columns attacking our left until about 6 p. m. , when, our infantry falling
back, they were compelled to retire, though contesting the ground gallantly
under great disadvantages. Upon the crest of the hill, Major McGilvery formed
a new line with the guns which he could collect, being re-enforced by
Lieutenant Dow with his battery (Sixth Maine), and the farther advance of the
enemy was checked by the fire of artillery almost unaided by infantry.

The reserve batteries lost very heavily on this occasion in horses and men, so
that several guns were necessarily left upon the field, but, after dark,
parties were sent out and all but one gun, belonging to Captain Thompson's
battery (C and F, Pennsylvania), were returned to the command to which they
belonged. The gun in question was left behind much nearer the new position
than many others which were regained, and it is not improbable that it was
brought in by troops of some of the corps. I would respectfully call attention
to Major McGilvery's report of this part of the action. When the action became
general, I ordered Captain Ransom's Regular Brigade (C, Fourth U. S.
Artillery; C, Fifth U. S. Artillery; F and K, Third U. S. Artillery;
H, First U. S. Artillery) to form line of battle on the crest of the hill
near General Meade's headquarters. Soon two batteries - Lieutenant Turnbull's
(F and K, Third U. S. Artillery) and Captain Ransom's (C, Fifth U. S.
Artillery) - were ordered forward to General Humphreys, and occupied a much
exposed position near the right center when the enemy's advance was made.
Lieutenant Turnbull (F and K, Third U. S. Artillery) was compelled to
retire, with the loss of 1 officer and 8 men killed, 14 men wounded, and 45
horses killed. Four guns were left on the field, but were afterward brought
off by infantry. No report has yet been received from Captain Ransom's (C,
Fifth U. S. Artillery) or Captain Sterling's (Second Connecticut) batteries.
Lieutenant Eakin ( H, First U. S. Artillery) was ordered to cemetery Hill,
where he was wounded soon after his guns went into battery. Lieutenant Thomas,
with his battery (C, Fourth U. S. Artillery), held the crest of the hill,
and did excellent service in repelling the attack on our center. Captain
Huntington's brigade ( H, First Ohio Artillery; F and G, First Pennsylvania
Artillery; A, First New Hampshire Artillery; C, First West Virginia) and
Captain Taft's battery (Fifth New York) of 20-pounders were ordered to report
to Major-General Howard, commanding the Eleventh Corps, and by him placed in
position in the cemetery, where they engaged the enemy's batteries opposite,
firing upon bodies of troops as they appeared in force until daylight was ended
by the darkness. During the charge upon our right center, two of the guns
belonging to Captain Ricketts' battery (F and G, First Pennsylvania
Artillery), of this brigade, were captured, and one of them spiked, but the
enemy was held in check by the cannoneers with pistols, handspikes, &. , and
afterward driven back by a brigade of the Second Corps, and the guns
recaptured. Lieutenant Gillett, First Connecticut Artillery, ordnance
officer of this command, was engaged the entire night in issuing ammunition to
the batteries of the several corps, as well as those of the artillery Reserve.
Seventy wagons were unloaded, which were sent to the rear on the morning of
the 3d. At daylight on July 3, Captain Rigby's battery (A, First Maryland
Artillery) opened fire, by direction of Major-General Slocum, upon the troops
across Rock Creek moving of our right. The ammunition train and some of the
reserve batteries, which had been refitted during the night, were moved up
near the Taneytown road, together with the Horse Artillery Brigade of Captain
Robertson, who had been ordered to report temporarily to me. On riding along
the lines, I found all the reserve batteries (twelve in number), which had
been ordered to the different corps on the day previous, in position. The
infantry had constructed a slight breastwork of such materials as the ground
afforded along the entire crest of the hill, and some shelter had been thrown up
for the artillery. The enemy had brought out a large number of guns,
and held them in position in sight on the opposite side of the Emmitsburg road.
Everything was moderately quiet until about 12 o'clock, when, as I was returning with
Captain Robertson from reconnoitering a positionmfor artillery opposite our left,
the enemy opened a terrific fire of artillery, which, passing over the crest of the hill,
concentrated behindthe lines where the reserve was lying. Several officers and
men were wounded and animals killed both in the batteries and the ammunition
train. My own horse was killed at this time, just as I reached the park.
Orders were given to move the whole to the rear, out of range, the cannonading
being kept up for more than two hours. There being signs of an intention to attack
on the part of the enemy, all the reserve batteries and one battery of horse
artillery were ordered into position. Captain Fitzhugh (K, First New York
Artillery) and Lieutenant Parsons (A, First New Jersey Artillery) came up very
opportunely to the support of the troops of Brigadier-General Webb, of the
Second Corps, at a time when artillery was much needed, and with their steady
and well-directed fire rendered great assistance. After 3 p. m. the enemy
moved up immense bodies of troops, and made a series of attacks upon our
center, but, despite the vigor and gallantry with which they were led and
handled, they could not withstand the heavy fire of artillery to which they
were subjected, combined with the brave and obstinate defense of the infantry,
and were hurled back from our position with immense loss. The company of the
Thirty-second Massachusetts (Company C, Captain J. C. Fuller commanding) and
the battalion of the Fourth New Jersey, guarding my train, were formed in
line, and assisted in driving back stragglers during the afternoon's
engagement. I wish to explain here that the dispositions of my batteries were
generally made upon orders of General Hunt, chief of artillery, though
sometimes by orders direct from the commanding general or requisitions of corps
commanders. Most of the batteries in position until July 5, when they were
withdrawn for the march on that day. Appended and marked A will be found a
tabular statement of losses and expenditures during the battle. I believe it
almost unnecessary to speak of the value of the services rendered by the
Artillery Reserve during the last two days of this action and the great share
it had in the glorious result. The one hundred and eight guns which were on
the field were all in position, their fire being concentrated and felt
wherever the battle was hottest. The skill and gallantry with which they were
handled is amply at tested by the dead of the enemy, slain by shell and
canister, lying in their front, and the fierce fire under which they did
their work is proved by the heavy loss of horses and the long record of men and
officers killed and wounded. From the ammunition train, as already stated,
seventy wagon-loads were issued on the night of the 2nd to the batteries of the
army, and, as shown by the report of my ordnance officer, 10, 090 rounds
were issued to batteries outside of the reserve during the battle. The
necessity and usefulness of the organization, I believe, is beyond a
question. I would respectfully call the attention of the commanding general to
the defects of a system which fails to give field officers for the
necessary subdivisions of so large a body od artillery. There should be at
least a field officer with a proper staff to each four batteries in action,
and the supervision of a commander of superior rank is equally necessary in
camp or on the march. There was no exception to the gallantry, coolness, and
steadiness of the officers and men of my command, and I would call attention
to the many special instances of distinguished good conduct mentioned in
accompanying reports. I feel it due to bring to the notice of the commanding
general the intrepid conduct and excellent judgment displayed by Major F.
McGilvery, First Maine Artillery, under whose immediate command fell many of
the reserve batteries engaged on our left center, as well as to the tenacity
and bravery of Captain P. Hart, Fifteenth New York Battery; Captain N.
Irish, Battery F, Pennsylvania Artillery, and Lieutenant Baldwin, Fifth U.
S. Artillery, who, though painfully wounded, remained on the field and
fought with their batteries during the whole action; also, of Captain Ransom,
Third U. S. Artillery, who was severely wounded by a sharpshooter while
gallantly reconnoitering a position for hi guns. Lieutenant Milton, upon whom
the command of his battery devolved after every other officer belonging to it
had been either killed or wounded, displayed remarkable coolness and
resolution. I wish to make special mention of gallantry coming under my notice
on the part of Private William Sheridan, First Connecticut Artillery, who was
the only one of several orderlies who remained with me under the terrific
cannonading of the 3d. He immediately gave me his horse when mine was killed,
and brought off from the field my entire arms and horse equipments, carrying
them on foot for nearly a mile under a fire the concentration of which few who
experienced it will fail to remember. I desire to especially express my
obligations to the officers of my staff. The gallantry and activity of
Lieutenant [Gustav von] Blucher, the only aide-de-camp with me, were
specially conspicuous. The work of bringing up and the care of the ammunition
train devolved upon Lieutenant-Colonel [William E. ] Morford, quartermaster,
and Lieutenant [S. A. ] Wood, acting assistant quartermaster, the former of
whom, with Lieutenant [Lowell A. ] Chamberlin, my commissary of musters,
afforded me much valuable assistance on the field. Lieutenant Gillett, my
ordnance officer, worked day and night after the action commenced, issuing
ammunition to the corps as well as to the reserve, and to his labor and
excellent system much of the efficiency of the artillery on the 3rd is due. I
am greatly indebted to my assistant adjutant-general, Captain C. H.
Whittelsey, for his gallant and untiring labors during the whole action and
the cheerfulness and energy with which he executed every duty that he was
called upon to perform. My thanks are also due Captain Robertson, who did
excellent service in withdrawing the reserve batteries during the confusion
attending the heavy cannonading of the 3d, and upon whom devolved the command
of the batteries during a temporary indisposition that succeeded the fall from
my horse.

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. O. TYLER,
Brigadier-General of Volunteers, Commanding.

Troops in the Department of Washington, Major General Samuel P.
Heintzelman, U. S. Army, commanding, August 31, 1863.

Brigadier General William F. Barry, Chief of Artillery,
Department of Washington.

LIGHT ARTILLERY CAMP OF INSTRUCTION.
Lieutenant Colonel J. ALBERT MONROE.

Michigan Light, 10th Battery, Captain John C. Schuetz.
1st New York Light, Battery F, Captain William R. Wilson.
1st New York Light, Battery H, Captain Charles E. Mink.
New York Light, 19th Battery, Lieutenant Edward W. Rogers.
Ohio Light, 12th Battery, Captain Aaron C. Johnson.
1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery H, Captain Andrew Fagan.
5th United States, Batteries I and L, Lieutenant Edmund D. Spooner.
1st West Virginia Light, Battery A, Lieutenant George Furst.
1st West Virginia Light, Battery F, Lieutenant James C. Means.

DEFENSES NORTH OF THE POTOMAC.
Lieutenant Colonel JOSEPH A. HASKIN,
Aide-de-Camp, in charge.

First Brigade.
Colonel AUGUSTUS A. GIBSON.

2nd Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, Colonel Augustus A. Gibson.
1st Vermont Heavy Artillery, Colonel James M. Warner.

Second Brigade.
Colonel LEWIS O. MORRIS.

1st Maine Heavy Artillery, Colonel Daniel Chaplin.
7th New York Heavy Artillery, Colonel Lewis O. Morris.
9th New York Heavy Artillery, Colonel Joseph Welling.
9th New York Battery, Captain Emil Schubert.

Third Brigade.
10th New York Heavy Artillery, Colonel Alexander Piper.

DEFENSES SOUTH OF THE POTOMAC.
Brigadier General GUSTAVUS A. DE RUSSY.

First Brigade.
Colonel JOSEPH N. G. WHISTLER.

1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, Lieutenant Colonel Levi P. Wright.
2nd New York Heavy Artillery, Major William A. McKay.
5th New York Heavy Artillery (3rd Battalion), Major Gustavus F. Merriam.

Second Brigade.
Colonel LEVERETTE W. WESSELLS.

2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery, Lieutenant Colonel Elisha S. Kellogg.
15th New York Heavy Artillery, Captain Leander Schamberger.

Third Brigade.
Colonel HENRY L. ABBOT.

1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery, Colonel Henry L. Abbot.
1st Rhode Island Light Artillery, Battery H, Lieutenant Charles F. Mason.
Wisconsin Heavy Artillery Company, Captain Charles C. Meservey.

Fourth Brigade.
Lieutenant Colonel THOMAS ALLCOCK.

2nd Massachusetts Cavalry, Companies B,C,D, and K, Captain George F. Holman.
4th New York Heavy Artillery (eight companies), Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Allcock.

DISTRICT OF ALEXANDRIA.
Brigadier General JOHN P. SLOUGH.

Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery H, Captain William Borrowe.

FORT WASHINGTON, MD.
Captain CHARLES R. DEMING.

16th Indiana Battery, Captain Charles R. Deming.
4th U. S. Artillery, Regimental Headquarters, Colonel Charles S. Merchant.

DEFENSES OF BALTIMORE.
Brigadier General ERASTUS B. TYLER.

Baltimore (Maryland) Light Artillery, Captain Frederick W. Alexander.
Maryland Battery A (Junior Artillery), Captain John M. Bruce.
Maryland Battery B (Eagle Artillery), Captain Joseph A. Audoun.
5th New York Heavy Artillery, Companies B and C, Major Casper Urban.
3rd Pennsylvania Artillery, Light Battery H, Captain William D. Rank.

Second Separate Brigade.
Bvt. Brigadier General WILLIAM W. MORRIS.

5th New York Heavy Artillery (six companies), Lieutenant Colonel Edward Murray.
8th New York Heavy Artillery (ten companies), Colonel Peter A. Porter.
2nd U. S. Artillery, Battery I, Lieutenant James E. Wilson.

FORT DELAWARE, DEL.
Brigadier General ALBIN SCHOEPF.

Delaware Heavy Artillery (one company), Captain George W. Ahl.
Pennsylvania Artillery, Battery A, Captain Stanislaus Mlotkowski.
Pennsylvania Artillery, Battery G, Captain John J. Young.

RELAY HOUSE, MD.
5th U. S. Artillery (detachment),* Lieutenant Edmund D. Spooner.

DELAWARE DEPARTMENT.
Delaware Emergency Artillery (detachment), Lieutenant Thomas Crossley.

Troops in the Department of the Susquehanna, Major General Darius N. Couch,
U. S. Army, commanding, August 31,1863.

PHILADELPHIA, PA.
27th New York Battery, Captain John B. Eaton.
Nevin's (Pennsylvania) Battery (militia), Captain Robert J. Nevin.
Independent Pennsylvania Battery (militia), Captain William H. Woodward.

LEHIGH DISTRICT.
1st New York Light Artillery, Battery A, Lieutenant Isaac B. Hall.
Goodwin's (New York) Battery (militia), Captain William F. Goodwin.

READING, PA.
Ringgold (Pennsylvania) Battery (militia), Captain George R. Guss.
5th U. S. Artillery, Battery E,++ Lieutenant James W. Piper.

Troops in the Department of West Virginia, Brigadier General Benjamin F.
Kelley, U. S. Army, commanding, August 31,1863.

SCAMMON'S DIVISION.
Brigadier General E. PARKER SCAMMON.

First Brigade.
Kentucky Battery, Captain Seth J. Simmonds.

Second Brigade.
1st Ohio Battery, Captain James R. McMullin.

MARYLAND HEIGHTS DIVISION
Brigadier General HENRY H. LOCKWOOD.

First Brigade
17th Indiana Battery, Captain Milton L. Miner.
1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery C, Captain Jeremiah McCarthy.

Second Brigade
Maryland Light Artillery, Battery B, Captain Alonzo Snow.
32nd New York Battery, Captain Charles Kusserow.

Unattached.
1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery (four companies), Major Frank A. Rolfe.

MARTINSBURG.
30th New York Battery, Lieutenant Alfred von Kleiser.

Averell's Brigade
1st West Virginia Light Artillery, Battery B, Captain John V. Keeper.

Campbell's Brigade
1st West Virginia Light Artillery, Battery E, Captain Alexander C. Moore.

Mulligan's Brigade
1st Illinois Light Artillery, Battery L, Captain John Rourke.
Pennsylvania Light Battery (militia), Captain Horatio K. Tyler
1st West Virginia Light Artillery, Battery B, Captain John Carlin.

MISCELLANEOUS

Hagerstown, Md
5th U. S. Artillery, Battery B, Lieutenant Henry A. Du Pont.

Troops in the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, Major General John
G. Foster, U. S. Army, commanding, August 31,1863.

FORT MONROE, VA.
3rd Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery (nine companies), Colonel Joseph Roberts.

NORFOLK, VA
7th New York Battery, Captain Peter C. Regan.

GETTY'S DIVISION
1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery A, Captain John G. Simpson.
5th United States, Battery A, Lieutenant James Gilliss.

Unattached Artillery.
Captain FREDERICK M. FOLLETT.
3rd Pennsylvania Heavy, Company F, Captain John A. Blake.
3rd Pennsylvania Heavy, Company G, Captain Joseph W. Sanderson.
3rd Pennsylvania Heavy, Company M, Captain Francis H. Reichard.
4th United States, Battery D, Captain Frederick M. Follett.
4th United States, Battery L, Captain Robert V. W. Howard.

YORKTOWN AND VICINITY

Wistar's Brigade
8th New York Battery, Captain Butler Fitch.
16th New York Battery, Captain Frederick L. Hiller.
1st Pennsylvania (field and staff), Colonel Robert M. West.
1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery E, Captain Thomas G. Orwig.
2nd Wisconsin Battery, Lieutenant Carl Schulz.
4th Wisconsin Battery, Captain George B. Easterly.

DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA

DEFENSES OF NEW BERNE
3rd New York Light, Artillery (nine batteries), Colonel Chas, H. Stewart.
1st Rhode Island Light Artillery, Battery F, Lieutenant Thomas Simpson.
5th Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, Colonel Henry T. Sisson.

SUB-DISTRICT OF THE ALBERMALE
24th New York Battery, Captain A. Lester Cady.

SUB-DISTRICT OF BEAUFORT
1st U. S. Artillery, Battery C, Lieutenant Redmound Tully.

SUB-DISTRICT OF THE PAMLICO
23rd New York Battery, Captain Alfred Ransom.

Troops in the Department of the East, Major General John A. Dix, U. S.
Army, commanding, August 31,1863.

CITY AND HARBOR OF NEW YORK

NEW YORK CITY
First Brigade
7th Massachusetts Battery, Captain Phineas A. Davis.

Second Brigade
2nd Connecticut Battery, Captain John W. Sterling

Artillery
Captain DUNBAR R. RANSOM.
1st Delaware Battery, Captain Benjamin Nields.
5th United States, Battery C, Lieutenant Gulian V. Weir.

NEW YORK HARBOR

Davids Island
20th New York Battery (detachment).
28th New York Battery (detachment), Lieutenant Robert F. Joyce.

Fort Hamilton
11th New York Heavy Artillery (detachment), Captain Seward F. Gould.
13th New York Heavy Artillery (detachment), Captain George A. Bulmer.
5th U. S. Artillery (headquarters), Lieutenant Thompson P. McElrath.

Fort at Sandy Hook
11th New York Heavy Artillery, Company C, Captain Henry P. Merrill.

Fort Richmond
11th New York Heavy Artillery, Company A, Captain William Church.

Fort Schuyler
20th New York Battery, Lieutenant Frank A. Davis.
28th New York Battery, Captain Josiah C. Hannum.

Fort Constitution, N. H.
New Hampshire Heavy Artillery, 1st Company, Captain Charles H. Long.

Fort Knox, near Buckport, Me.
1st Maine Heavy Artillery (detachment),Lieutenant Thomas H. Palmer.

Fort Warren, Boston, Mass.
1st Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Battalion, Major Stephen Cabot.
1st U. S. Artillery (headquarters), Colonel Justin Dimick.

Fort at Clark's Point, New Bedford, Mass.
Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, 6th Company, Captain John A. P. Allen.

Fort Independent, Boston, Mass.
Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, 3rd Company, Captain Lyman B. Whiton.

Fort Trumbull, New London, Conn.
3rd U. S. Artillery, Battery G, Lieutenant Lewis Smith.

Report of Captain John G. Hazard, First Rhode Island Light Artillery,
Commanding Artillery Brigade.
HDQRS. ARTILLERY BRIGADE, SECOND CORPS D'ARMEE,
Near Warrenton, Va., October 23, 1863.

COLONEL: I have the honor to transmit the following report of the part
sustained by the Artillery Brigade on the 14th instant, in the actions of the
corps at Auburn and Bristoe Station, Va.:

On that date the brigade was composed of:
Battery A, First Rhode Island Light Artillery (6 3-inch rifled guns),, Captain
W.A. Arnold commanding.
Battery F, First Pennsylvania Artillery (6 3-inch rifled guns), Captain R.
Bruce Ricketts commanding.
Battery G, First New York Artillery (6 light 12 [pounder] smooth-bore guns),
Captain Nelson Ames commanding.
Light Company I, First U.S. Artillery (4 light 12 [pounder] smooth-bore guns),
First Lieutenant F.S. French, commanding.
Battery B, First Rhode Island Light Artillery (4 light 12 [pounder] smooth-bore
guns), First Lieutenant T. Fred. Brown commanding.

Making in all five batteries, and numbering 12 3-inch rifled guns, and 14 light
12 [pounder] smooth-bore guns.

The advance of the corps the First Division moving on the road passing through
Auburn toward Bristoe Station, was fired into on crossing Cedar Run, a little
after daybreak, by a battery of the enemy, in position on an eminence to the
east of the road. Rickett's battery, immediately in rear of the division, was
placed in position and soon silenced the battery engaged. Scarcely was it
silenced, when the enemy's skirmishers appeared in the rear, necessitating a
change of front to rear. Arnold's battery and Ames' battery remained with the
First Division, at this point. The other batteries of the brigade resumed the
march toward Bristoe Station, with the Second and Third Divisions of the corps.

Two hours after the departure of the corps from Auburn, a strong line of the
enemy's skirmishers appearing in front of First Division fire was opened upon
them by order of Major-General Warren. In about an hour the enemy opened fire
from a battery distant about 1,500 yards, on the opposite side of Cedar Run. It
was immediately replied to and the fire sustained nearly an hour, with an
expenditure of 200 rounds of ammunition. Ames' battery remained unengaged. The
artillery at this point being relieved by a section of Martin's horse battery,
the batteries resumed the march of the corps with the First Division. In the
engagement the loss was extremely slight.

At 3 p.m. the advance of the corps while marching by the flank was met a
Bristoe Station by a column of the enemy moving in the same direction. The
Second Division immediately secured the southern side of the Orange and
Alexandria Railroad as a line of defense, and Brown's battery, temporarily
attached to the division, obtaining a most fortunate position, fire with
spherical case upon theadvancing line of the enemy, checking it, and causing it
to seek shelter under the crest in the immediate front. Lieutenant Brown was then
ordered into position on the eastern side of Broad Run by General Webb, whose division
(the Second) was about to make a similar move. After crossing the battery it was
seen the division had recrossed the run to its former position. The battery was
unable to recross as the road it had just passed over was fully commanded by
the enemy, so it moved up the railroad a distance of 200 yards to a position
that enfiladed the enemy, and opened fire with good effect.

Every exertion was employed to hasten the batteries on their way to the field,
and the arrival of Rickett's and Arnold's batteries was most timely. Ricketts'
was immediately placed in position in rear of that first occupied by Brown,
while Arnold's took an advantageous position in rear of the First Division. The
fire of these batteries upon the charging lines of the infantry was most
effective and deadly, and assisted greatly in securing their demoralization.
Upon the withdrawal of the infantry of the enemy, the fire of the two batteries
was directed upon a rebel battery of six guns that had opened fire in front of
the Third Division, and with such accuracy and ardor as to cause the hasty
retreat of the rebel gunner, and the capture of five guns of the battery by the
prompt advancement of skirmishers from the Second Division. One gun of Captain
Ames' battery was placed about 100 yards to the left and of Captain Arnold's
battery, upon the line of the railroad and did excellent execution.

About 4 p.m. an attack being anticipated upon the left and rear, two sections
of Captain Ames' battery were placed in position facing Cedar Run. French's and
Brown's batteries were placed in position on Arnold's right. The sixth gun of
Ames' battery was placed upon the left of the first gun of his battery in
position on the line of the railroad.

The enemy opened an artillery fire upon our left and front. The fire of
Arnold's, French's, and Brown's batteries, and the two guns of Ames' battery
were concentrated upon it, and in twenty minutes caused its withdrawal. During
this fire the other four guns of Ames' battery opened fire upon two brigades of
rebel infantry on the west side of Cedar Run, with good effect. Assistance was
rendered by Horse Battery A, Fourth U.S. Artillery, and Martin's horse battery,
Sixth New York Artillery.

At dark orders were received from the general commanding to move the brigade,
and the two horse batteries, A, Fourth U.S. Artillery, Sixth New York
Artillery.

At dark orders were received from the general commanding to move the brigade
and the two horse batteries, A, Fourth U.S. Artillery, and Martin's Sixth New
York battery, supported by Colonel Miles' brigade, First Division, to
Centreville.

During the two engagements of the day the batteries of the brigade sustained
the following losses, respectively:
Arnold's battery. - Killed, 1 enlisted man; wounded, 1 officer, 7 enlisted
men. Horses: Killed, 2; wounded, 4.
Ricketts' battery. - Wounded, 1 officer, 6 enlisted men. Horses; Killed, 3;
wounded, 5. Ames' battery. - None. French's battery. - Wounded, 5 enlisted men.
Brown's battery. - Killed, 1 enlisted man; wounded 4, enlisted men. Horses:
Killed, 2.

Praise is due to the battery commanders for the cool and able manner in which
their commands were fought and the precision of their fire.

Notice is respectfully called to the following extract from the report of First
Lieutenant Brown, commanding Battery B, First Rhode Island Light Artillery:
Bugler John F. Leach is especially to be mentioned for collecting 13 stragglers
and disposing of them as skirmishers on the right flank of the battery on north
side of the railroad at the time when the battery was wholly unsupported
across the run, without doubt preventing much annoyance from the enemy's
skirmishers (who engaged his men), if not the capture of the battery.

I would especially mention First Lieutenant G.L. Dwight, acting assistant,
adjutant-general, and First Lieutenant Thomas Farrell, acting aide, for their
efficient aid during the day.

Respectfully submitted.
JOHN G. HAZARD,
Captain First Rhode Island Light Artillery, Commanding Brigade.

ARTILLERY HDQRS. , ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
Camp near Warrenton, October 26, 1863.

General W. F. BARRY,
Inspector of Artillery, U. S. Army:

GENERAL: There is much complaint of the inefficiency, at close quarters, of the
canister for the light 12-pounder gun, owing to the small number of balls it
contains. This effect was made apparent at Gettysburg, and is complained of
frequently now that the batteries of these guns in the horse artillery often
come in close contact with the enemy's cavalry and infantry. The present
canister shot is so large as to be effective at long ranges, so long that it
would be better o use shrapnel.

I respectfully request that canister with a smaller ball, say of 2 to 3
ounces-or if of smaller diameter than that of a 2-ounce iron ball, then one of
lead-may be furnished at as early a day as practicable, in sufficient
quantities to furnish at least the horse artillery with one-half their canister
of the new pattern. These canisters would carry from 60 to 80 shots, and would
probably be much more effective within 200 yards than the present 7-ounce ball
of 28 to the canister.

HENRY J. HUNT,
Brigadier-General, Chief of Artillery.

Report of Captain George E. Randolph, First, Rhode Island
Light Artillery, commanding Artillery Brigade, Third Army Corps.
HDQRS. ARTILLERY BRIGADE, THIRD ARMY CORPS,
September 2, 1863.

CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the artillery of
the Third Army Corps, from June 28 to July 3: On the morning of June 28, the
batteries of the corps, with one exception, were encamped near Middletown Md.
Clark's battery was near Crampton's Pass, with one brigade of infantry.
Early in the day, in compliance with the order of Major-General Birney,
commanding the corps, I marched to Frederick, where I encamped and fed about
noon, and where I was joined by Clark's battery an hour or two later. In the
afternoon the corps marched to Woodville, and, on June 29, to Taneytown,
encamping a mile north of the town. On the afternoon of the 30th, the corps,
including batteries, marched to Bridgeport, a place about 2 miles from
Taneytown, on the road to Emmitsburg, and pushed on the next morning to the
latter place. In the afternoon of July 1, by command of Major-General
Sickles, who had resumed command of the corps at Frederick, three
batteries-Randolph's, FE, First Rhode Island; Clark's, B, First New
Jersey, accompanying the First Division, and Seeley's, K, Fourth U. S.
Artillery, accompanying the Second Division-marched to Gettysburg, and
encamped on the left of the town, near the Taneytown road. Early on the
morning of July 2, Randolph's and Clark's batteries were placed in position on
the line held by General Birney's division, running from near the left of the
Second Corps to the base of Signal or Round Top Mountain. The positions of
both were low, unprotected, and commanded by the ridge along which runs the
road from Emmitsburg to Gettysburg. Seeley's battery remained in the field
where it had encamped, and, as there were no desirable positions on our part
of the line, Smith's and Winslow's batteries, on their arrival from
Emmitsburg, were parked near Seeley's until some better disposition could be
made of them. Between 1 and 1 p. m. Major-General Sickles notified me that he
was about to change his line, throwing his right forward to the high
ground, running his line from Round Top Mountain, on the left, to a peach
orchard on the Emmitsburg road, and thence along the road toward Gettysburg to
a second orchard. This new disposition seemed to me, notwithstanding the
sharp angle in our line made necessary by the formation of the ground, to be a
much more desirable one. I placed Smith's battery near the extreme left,
between Round Top Mountain and the woods, on a rocky hill commanding a long
valley running toward Emmitsburg. On the right of Smith's, after passing a
belt of woods, was an opening, in which I placed Winslow's battery of light
12-pounders. This position was surrounded by woods, but, in my opinion, the
line was materially strengthened by this battery of short-range guns. In the
open field, with his left resting near the woods, I placed Captain Bigelow's
(Massachusetts) battery, from the Artillery Reserve; on this right Clark's,
and next, and in the peach orchard that stood in the angle formed by our
lines, was Ames' battery, G, First New York, also from the Artillery
Reserve. All these batteries fronted toward Emmitsburg, or in the direction
from which the attack of the enemy was expected and afterward received.
Randolph's battery was placed on the Emmitsburg road, fronting nearly
perpendicular to those before mentioned; and still farther to the right, and
near the extreme left of the line held by the corps, was Seeley's. With the
exception of almost continual skirmishing between our sharpshooters and those
of the enemy, the first movement of the latter toward attacking was, at about
2 p. m. , to place a battery in position near the intersection of the
Fairfield and Emmitsburg roads, near a barn, and easily visible from the
peach orchard in the angle of our lines. In obedience to the command of
Major-General Sickles, as well as in accordance with my own conviction of the
necessity of holding that point, I was examining the ground with a view of
placing a battery in the orchard, when the enemy opened a smart artillery fire
upon the troops massed in the open field. I directed Captain Clark to take the
position before mentioned as held by his battery, and to silence, or at least
reply to, while I placed Ames' battery of light 12-pounders in the orchard to
assist him. It soon became evident that the enemy was preparing for an attack
at this point. He soon opened more batteries on the right of his first, and
commenced a heavy fire from them upon our troops. Ames and Clark were soon so
well at work that the advantage was not on the side of the enemy, and at last
a well-directed fire from Smith's battery (10-pounder Parrotts) on the extreme
left silenced them for a time. The respite, however, was short, as at about
3 p. m. the enemy reopened fire, and, under cover of his artillery, began
to push infantry against our position. The part of our line where Smith's
battery was placed was assailed in the most furious and determined manner,
and, notwithstanding the gallant conduct of our troops, after a long struggle
it became evident that the line would break. The hill upon which the guns
stood was very rough and rocky, rendering maneuvering with horses almost an
impossibility. Four of Captain Smith's guns only had been at first placed in
battery. These were served effectively till they could no longer be without
danger to our own troops, who had advanced to the front of the battery. The
remaining two were placed in position a few yards in rear, and pointed
obliquely into the woods on the left, in front of Round Top Mountain, which
were occupied by the advancing lines of the enemy. These guns continued their fire
till their supports were compelled to retire, when they were withdrawn by
Captain Smith, leaving three of the four that were in advance still on the
hill and in possession of the enemy. Captain Smith says he supposed the hill
would be immediately retaken by our troops, and that, as it was a place most
difficult of access, it was wiser to leave them where they could be used
against the enemy immediately we regained the hill. I regret the loss, but
from my knowledge of the position and of the gallantry displayed by Captain
Smith, I am convinced that it was one of those very unpleasant, but yet
unavoidable, results that sometimes attend the efforts of the most meritorious
officers. The attack on the left of our line involved Winslow's battery. From
the position of the battery and of the infantry supporting, it was deemed best
for a time to fire solid shot into the woods over our troops, who were
fighting in front under protection of a stone wall. This fire was very
effective (as such use of solid shot always is when troops are engaged in
woods, the moral effect being at least equal to the physical), and was
continued till our troops in front fell back of his battery, when Captain
Winslow used case shot, 1 and 1 1/2 second fuse, ending with canister. When
the enemy had gained two sides of the woods, and the position was no longer
tenable, Captain Winslow, by command of General Birney, retired handsomely
by piece, losing heavily during the movement. The position of Captain
Winslow's battery did not seem to be very good, owing to the nearness of the
woods on all sides, but the result proved that the battery was able to do good
service, and Captain Winslow deserves credit, not only for the good working
of his battery, but for the handsome manner in which he withdrew under trying
circumstances. In the open field between the woods occupied for a time by
Barnes' division, of the Fifth Corps, and the Emmitsburg road, were
Bigelow's (Massachusetts), Clark's (New Jersey), and Ames' (New York)
batteries. Of Bigelow's, I can only say that they took the position I
assigned them promptly under a heavy fire, and fought gallantly till compelled
to retire. I have tried to obtain reports from the batteries of the reserve
that the reported to Major-General Sickles, but with no success, excepting in
the case of Captain Ames, G, First New York. Clark's battery, B, First New
Jersey, was placed in position about 2 p. m. A column of the enemy had been
discovered moving on the Fairfield road, toward the left of our line. Captain
Clark opened with shell and shrapnel, making excellent shots, and diverting
the column of the enemy to some road in rear of and covered by the ridge
running perpendicular to the Emmitsburg road, near its intersection with the
Fairfield. An hour later the enemy's batteries opened from this ridge, and
Clark replied, while Ames' battery was being placed in the peach orchard on
his right. The combined fire of Smith's, Clark's, and Ames' batteries soon
silenced those of the enemy. The artillery fire, however, was only
preliminary. Shortly after 3 p. m. the attack was made by the enemy's
infantry. Beginning, as I have stated, on the left, near Smith's position,
it extended to the right, and brought the whole line under a destructive,
fire of musketry. The attack on the peach orchard, where Ames' battery was
placed, was hardly less furious than that on the left. Ames' battery
maintained its position under a fire from front and
right flank until it was relieved by Battery I, Fifth U. S. Artillery.
Randolph's battery, E, First Rhode Island, was placed in position to
counteract a cross-fire from the woods in front of the Emmitsburg road upon
Ames' battery, and the troops in the peach orchard were immediately engaged
with the enemy, composed of infantry and a battery of 12-pounders, in front
and a little to the left of its position. The very effective fire of this
battery of six light 12-pouders did great damage to our lines until it was
silenced by the fire of Randolph's battery and a section of Ames' that had been
turned upon it. Randolph's battery remained in this position, doing good
service, but greatly exposed, as the returns attest, until the withdrawal of
its support to strengthen the peach orchard and the subsequent repulse of our
troops in that position made its withdrawal a matter not only of prudence but
of necessity. Lieutenant John K. Bucklyn, commanding, received a painful
wound while endeavoring to take from the field a caisson, some of the horses
of which had been killed. All the batteries whose operations I have thus far
described were supported gallantly and effectively by the First Division
(Birney's), who held this very extended line, notwithstanding the
overwhelming force thrown against it, from 3 p. m. until dark, fighting with
the dogged determination that has made it famous. Seeley's battery (K, Fourth
U. S. Artillery), supported by the Second Division (Humphreys'), was placed
near the left of our corps line about 3 p. m. , and became immediately engaged
with artillery and infantry in its direct front. After driving the batteries
in its immediate front from the field, and having been two hours in position,
it directed its fire upon the guns of the enemy farther to the left, that were
firing upon the positions held by Ames', Clark's, and Randolph's batteries.
About 5. 30 p. m. Lieutenant Seeley was badly sounded, and the command
devolved upon Second Lieutenant Robert James. At the same time, the enemy's
infantry advanced under cover of the crest to very near the battery, and
attacked it almost with impunity, and, as the supports had fallen back, the
battery was withdrawn. A second position was taken and held till the next
morning, when the battery was ordered to the rear. I have chosen to report
the action of each battery rather than the artillery of the corps as a whole,
at the risk of being thought diffuse, because I consider that in no other way
can I convey a distinct idea of the operations of my command. The batteries
were widely separated, and each performed special duties that no other kind of
narrative could describe. At about 5 p. m. I rode along the line, and became
aware that the batteries were becoming very much exhausted, and upon my
representation of the fact to Major-General Sickles, he applied for batteries
from the Artillery Reserve to relieve them; they arrived, however, too late
for the purpose intended, but in time to be used by Major McGilvery in forming
a second line. I was especially fortunate in having the advice and assistance
of Brigadier-General Hunt, chief of artillery, Army of the Potomac, who
examined the ground with me, and who, at the commencement and during the
action, was present to contribute by his valuable advice to the efficiency of
our artillery. I regret that I cannot more accurately locate the batteries.
Having been absent from the army when our troops reoccupied the battle-field,
I lost the opportunity of examining it after the battle,
as well as of correcting the impressions received during an action and hearing
many incidents that might be of interest, though not mentioned in battery
reports. A wound that I received in the shoulder early in the action prevented
my being as active on the field as I desired, and although I was able from
time to time to ride along the line and to keep informed of the progress of the
battle in the various parts of the field where my batteries were stationed, I
could not give the line the same personal attention I would had I been
stronger. The conduct of my command was admirable. They were all in exposed
positions, as the loss will show. The battery commanders
fully sustained the reputation they had gained by distinguished conduct in
former battles, and to the old added the laurels of a new and most severely
contested engagement. It is proper that I acknowledge here the valuable aid
rendered me by Lieutenant P. S. Jastram, acting assistant adjutant-general
of my brigade, whose duties were rendered more arduous by my own inability to
keep the saddle, and who displayed the same energy, bravery, and good
judgment that he had already given evidence of as a battery commander.
Although in this battle of July 2 each of my batteries
was compelled to retire, I may be permitted to claim, in view of the grand
results of the three days' fighting, that they contributed in no small degree
to the success of our arms. I append statement of losses in men* and material.

I have the honor to be, your obedient servant,
GEO. E. RANDOLPH,
Captain First R. I. Art. , and Chief of Art. Third A. C.

Report of Captain George E. Randolph, First Rhode Island Light Artillery,
Commanding Artillery Brigade.
HDQRS. ARTILLERY BRIGADE, THIRD ARMY CORPS,
November 4, 1863

COLONEL: In compliance with circular of November 2, 1863, I have the honor to
report the movements and operations of the artillery of the corps, as follows:

On the 11th, of October, the artillery, excepting one battery attached to the
Second, one to the Third, and two to the First Divisions preceding the corps,
marched by way of Welford's and Freeman's Fords, to the north side of the
Rappahannock, the last battery arriving at 12 a.m. and encamped for the night
near Freeman's Ford. On the road from Culpeper to the Hazel River the
skirmishers of the rear division (the First) discovered a small party of
cavalry; and not knowing the force of the enemy, General Birney deployed a
brigade placed a section of Sleeper's rifled battery and the whole of
Randolph's in position to cover the road running perpendicular to that on which
the corps was marching, where the enemy had been seen. The enemy retired
before General Birney's skirmishers, and the division almost immediately
resumed the march in accordance with orders from General French.

On the 12th, the reserve batteries were encamped in the low groun d in the
angle formed by the roads to Rappahannock and to Fant's Mills, one battery
being still attached to each division. At night, on the receipt of the information
that the enemy was crossing at Sulphur Springs, by direction of Major-General French,
I placed Clark's battery in position covering the reserve batteries, in order to guard
against any raid or night attack from the direction of Fox's Ford.

On the 13th, two batteries were assigned to the Second two to the Third, and
three to the First, and the corps marched to Three-Mile Station, where line of
battle was formed six batteries being placed in very good positions, facing
toward Warrenton and the direction of the Warrenton pike. One battery was held
in reserve and two rifled batteries placed on the right of road leading to
Auburn were intended to be used wherever on the field more artillery should
become necessary.

At 3 p.m. the corps, First Division leading, resumed the march toward
Greenwich. Near Auburn, the major-general commanding discovered the cavalry
vedettes of the enemy on a high hill on the left of the road, and, sending his
escort for the purpose, discovered in our immediate front a large force of the
enemy's cavalry. Skirmishing having commenced on the part of the escort,
General French ordered the leading section of Sleeper's battery into battery
on the road, and deployed the infantry of First Division on the left of the
road. The section opened fire with shell upon the woods in which the enemy were
and soon after the remaining four pieces also opened fire with good effect.
After the enemy had been driven, a section of Clark's and one of Sleeper's were
placed by General French on the top of the hill on the left to reply should the
enemy use artillery, but these guns had no occasion to fire. The march was
resumed, and the corps encamped at Greenwich, the batteries attached to the
Second Division reaching camp between 3 and 4 a.m. of the 14th.

At 5 o'clock of the 14th, I received your order to move at 6. The march was
promptly made, trains doubling at every opportunity and every exertion made to
shorten the column and hasten the march. The corps massed at Broad Run and then
moved on through Manassas, across Mitchell's Ford, to Centreville. One battery
remained at Manassas with two brigades of Third Division, retained by General
Meade until night, and then rejoined the corps at Centreville.

On the morning of the 15th, three batteries marched with the First Division to
Fairfax Station; the other four marched to Union Mills. A section of
12-pounders was sent to McLean's Ford with General Mott. This section was found
to be of too short range, and when General Mott was attacked by the enemy's
cavalry, I was sent by General French with a section of Robinson's rifled guns,
with discretion to use a whole battery if I thought best. I moved the section
which had preceded from the position assigned it by General Mott, near the
ford, to the commanding hill upon which was a redoubt built by the enemy. This
position commands the ford and the hills in front of Blackburn's Ford, as well
as the road from Centreville to Manassas, via Blackburn's and McLean's Fords.
The section engaged the enemy at once, firing upon his cavalry, and receiving
the fire from his artillery. I ordered the remainder of the battery up, but
before it arrived the enemy had nearly all retired. Captain Robinson did very
good service. The section of 12-pounders was placed in reserve behind the
hill, and at night returned to Union Mills.

On the 19th,the batteries one attached to each division and five in reserve,
marched to Bristoe Station.

On the 20th, marched in the order, prescribed by circular of July 22, to
Greenwich, the reserve batteries encamping at the village, and those attached
to divisions, about 2 miles down the road toward Auburn.

On the 21st, marched the reserve batteries by direct road to Catlett's Station,
the other batteries going with the troops by way of Auburn, and encamped near
the station, having one battery covering bridge over Cedar Run and one covering
ford at Weaverville.

On the 25th, moved the reserve batteries to farm of Mr. Stone and near the road
from Catlett's to Greenwich in compliance with the order of General French.
The position of the batteries attached to divisions was not materially changed.

On the 26th, sent Edgell's rifled battery to General Birney at Foulk's house,
Randolph's being near the left of the line covering the ford over Cedar Run at
Hazen's house.

On the 30th, the batteries marched in the usual order to Licking Run, those
with divisions camping on the south, and the reserve on the north side in
positions assigned them by the major-general commanding.

Of the many verbal orders that I have received from the major-general
commanding, I can only say that on our march from Culpeper they constantly
impressed me with the importance of making a compact and rapid march,
correcting errors or irregularities calculated to impede or disarrange the
march of the troops, and enjoining care,vigilance, and promptness.

I desire to commend Captain Sleeper and his battery for their good conduct and
promptitude in their first engagement. In this skirmish they gave promise of
what they can be depended on to perform in affairs of more importance.

The behavior of Captain Robinson and his men at McLean's Ford was all very
praiseworthy.

I forward herewith report of Captain Clark of operations under General Prince
just previous to our march from Culpeper.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. E. RANDOLPH,
Captain First R.I. Art., Chief of Art.,Third Army Corps.

HEADQUARTERS ARTILLERY RESERVE,
November 15, 1863.

I have seen and used the telegraph line run by the Signal Corps of this army,
and am satisfied with the rapidity with which they are established and the
skill displayed in operating them. I regard them as a valuable acquisition to
the service, and I believe them important to the proper equipment of the Signal
Corps.

R. O. TYLER,
Brigadier-General.

HDQRS. FOURTH VOL. BRIG. , ARTILLERY RESERVE,
---, -- -, 1863.

CAPTAIN: I have the honor to submit the following report of the part taken by
the batteries under my command at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1 to 5:
Arriving on the field from Taneytown about 8 a. m. July 2, I was
ordered by Brigadier General R. O. Tyler, commanding Artillery Reserve, to
take two batteries (K, First New York Artillery, and A, First New Jersey
Artillery, First Lieutenant A. N. Parsons commanding) and go into position
on the Baltimore turnpike, near General Slocum's line. From this time until
July 5, the other batteries of the Fourth Brigade were detached from my
command, G, First New York Artillery, and the Sixth Maine Battery, First
Lieutenant E. B. Dow commanding, being under command of Lieutenant Colonel
F. McGilvery, and Battery A, First Maryland Artillery, Captain J. H.
Rigby, being sent to the Twelfth Corps. The two batteries left with me - A,
First New Jersey Artillery, First Lieutenant A. N. Parsons commanding, and
K, First New York Artillery - remained unengaged until 1 p. m. of Friday,
July 3, when, by order of General Hunt, I put them in position near the
stone fence in front of General Webb's division of the Second Corps, Battery
A, First New Jersey Artillery, on the left of K, First New York Artillery.
At this time the enemy were making a strong effort to break the Second Corps
line, their infantry having charged up to the stone fence near a small wooded
; knoll about 75 yards on my right, while their artillery fire swept the
ground occupied by the two batteries. Just then there were no other batteries
at that point, and there seemed to be a good deal of confusion. The rebel
artillery fire, from near a house and barn about 1, 000 yards on my left and
front, was especially severe, but soon materially slackened, and became very
wild under a fire of percussion and time shell from Battery K. In the
meantime, Lieutenant Parsons poured about 40 rounds of shrapnel into the flank
of the rebel infantry charging the Second corps, and in about half or
three-quarters of an hour the enemy abandoned the attack on that point
altogether. After a pause of about an hour, the rebel infantry began forming
on the right of the house and barn before spoken of, while from the same
quarter their artillery opened upon us a brisk but poorly directed and
inefficient fire, to which, by direction of General Hunt, I made no reply,
but awaited the attack of their infantry, who soon yards on my left, as they
did so giving the two batteries an opportunity to pour in an enfilading fire,
which they did with great effect, for the enemy did not reach the point, but
broke and gave way in all direction when about the middle of the field. After
this, we remained in position on the same ground until about 10 a. m. July 5,
when I was ordered to rejoin the Artillery Reserve. Of the conduct of
officers and men, both of Battery A, First New Jersey Artillery, Lieutenant
A. N. Parsons commanding, and of K, First New York Artillery, with the
Eleventh New York Battery attached, I cannot speak too highly. Coming into
position at a critical point of the rebel charge on our center, and under a
galling fire, the guns were worked with great deliberation and a most decided
effect. Casualties in Battery K, First New york Artillery, and Eleventh New
York Independent Battery attached: Wounded, 7. Losses in material, &c. :
Horses, 5. Ammunition expended: Percussion shell, 57; shrapnel, 15, and
time shell, 17. Total, 89. Casualties in Battery A, First New Jersey
Artillery: Killed, 2; wounded, 7. Losses in material, &c. : Horses, 5.
Ammunition expended: Shrapnel, 120; shell, 80. Total, 200.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. H. FITZHUGH,
Comdg. Fourth Volunteer Brigade, Artillery Reserve.

REPORT OF Captain JAMES M. ROBERTSON, SECOND U. S.
ARTILLERY, COMMANDING FIRST BRIGADE, HORSE ARTILLERY.

HEADQUARTERS FIRST BRIGADE, HORSE ARTILLERY,
AUGUST 22, 1863.

SIR: I HAVE THE HONOR TO SUBMIT THE FOLLOWING REPORT OF THE OPERATIONS OF THE
FIRST BRIGADE, HORSE ARTILLERY, SINCE JUNE 28: ON JUNE 28, I REPORTED WITH
MY BRIGADE-CONSISTING OF LIEUTENANT PENNINGTON'S BATTERY
(M, SECOND U. S. ARTILLERY), ELDER'S BATTERY (E, FOURTH U. S. ARTILLERY),
HEATON'S BATTERY (B AND L, SECOND U. S. ARTILLERY),
AND CAPTAIN MARTIN'S (SIXTH INDEPENDENT NEW YORK) BATTERY OF
HORSE ARTILLERY-TO GENERAL PLEASONTON, COMMANDING CAVALRY CORPS. IN OBEDIENCE
TO INSTRUCTIONS FROM GENERAL PLEASONTON, TWO BATTERIES (PENNINGTON'S AND
ELDER'S) WERE DETAILED, AND LEFT CAMP AT DAYLIGHT ON THE 29TH, TO REPORT FOR
DUTY WITH THE THIRD DIVISION, CAVALRY CORPS. THESE TWO BATTERIES HAVE BEEN ON
DUTY WITH THIS DIVISION SINCE THAT TIME, AND MAKE THEIR REPORTS THROUGH ITS
COMMANDING OFFICER. AT 8 A. M. I WAS READY TO MOVE WITH THE REMAINING TWO
BATTERIES (HEATON'S AND MARTIN'S), BUT OWING TO THE ROAD BEING BLOCKED WITH
TROOPS AND WAGON, I WAS UNABLE TO MOVE UNTIL 4 P. M. AFTER MARCHING ABOUT 2
MILES, WAS JOINED BY CAPTAIN DANIELS, COMMANDING NINTH MICHIGAN BATTERY, WHO
REPORTED TO ME, AND WAS ASSIGNED TO MY BRIGADE BY ORDER OF THE GENERAL
COMMANDING CAVALRY CORPS. CONTINUING THE MARCH, I ARRIVED AT MIDDLEBURG, MD.
, AT 2 A. M. THE 30TH, WHEN I FED, AND RESTED MY COMMAND UNTIL 9 A. M. ,
AND THEN MARCHED TO TANEYTOWN, ARRIVING AT 4. 30 P. M. , AND REMAINED
ENCAMPED AT THE LATTER PLACE UNTIL 11. 30 P. M. JULY 1, WHEN I MARCHED, AND
ARRIVED NEAR THE BATTLE-GROUND OF GETTYSBURG AT 5. 30 A. M. ON THE 2D, AND
REPORTED TO THE GENERAL COMMANDING THE CAVALRY CORPS, AND BY HIS DIRECTION
HELD MY BATTERIES IN RESERVE NEAR THE BATTLE-GROUND UNTIL NEARLY DARK, WHEN,
BY HIS DIRECTION, I MOVED BACK ABOUT 2 MILES ON THE BALTIMORE PIKE, AND
ENCAMPED FOR THE NIGHT. ON THE MORNING OF THE 3D, I AGAIN MOVED TO THE FRONT,
AND OCCUPIED THE SAME GROUND AS THE DAY PREVIOUS, AND, BY DIRECTION OF
GENERAL PLEASONTON, I REPORTED TO BRIGADIER-GENERAL TYLER, TO ASSIST HIM WITH
THE RESERVE ARTILLERY. WHILE OUT WITH GENERAL TYLER EXAMINING OUR LINES, WITH
A VIEW OF SELECTING POINTS FOR ARTILLERY, THE ENEMY OPENED FIRE WITH ALL HIS
BATTERIES, AND WE RETURNED TO OUR COMMANDS. FINDING THAT THE RESERVE OCCUPIED
A VERY EXPOSED POSITION, IT WAS ORDERED TO FALL BACK TO WHERE IT COULD GET
COVER FROM THE FIRE OF THE ENEMY. WHILE EXECUTING THIS MOVE, GENERAL TYLER'S
HORSE WAS SHOT AND KILLED UNDER HIM. FROM THE EXTREME HEAT AND OVER-EXERTION,
GENERAL TYLER RECEIVED A SUNSTROKE, WHICH PROSTRATED HIM FOR THE TIME, AND HE
TURNED OVER THE COMMAND OF THE ENTIRE RESERVE TO ME. SOON AFTER THIS (ABOUT
12M. ), THERE BEING AN URGENT DEMAND FOR RIFLED ARTILLERY, AND HAVING NO
OTHER AT MY DISPOSAL, I SENT FORWARD THE BATTERY OF HORSE ARTILLERY (NINTH
MICHIGAN) COMMANDED BY Captain J. J. DANIELS, WHO REPORTED TO GENERAL
NEWTON, AND WAS PLACED IN POSITION BY HIM, WHERE HE REMAINED, DOING GOOD
EXECUTION, UNTIL THE CLOSE OF THE BATTLE. CAPTAIN DANIELS' LOSS IN THIS
ENGAGEMENT WAS 1 MAN KILLED, 4 WOUNDED, AND 23 HORSES KILLED. CAPTAIN
DANIELS BIVOUACKED FOR THE NIGHT ON THE FIELD WHERE HE HAD FOUGHT. CAPTAIN
DANIELS IN HIS REPORT OF THIS ENGAGEMENT (A COPY OF WHICH REPORT I HEREWITH
INCLOSE) DOES NOT PARTICULARIZE ANY OFFICERS OR SOLDIERS OF HIS BATTERY, BUT
SPEAKS OF ALL IN TERMS OF THE HIGHEST PRAISE FOR THEIR COOLNESS AND STEADINESS
UNDER FIRE. CAPTAIN DANIELS AND THE OFFICERS AND MEN UNDER HIS COMMAND DESERVE
ALL THE MORE CREDIT, AS THIS WAS THE FIRST TIME HIS BATTERY HAD EVER BEEN
ENGAGED GENERAL TYLER HAVING RECOVERED SO AS TO RESUME HIS DUTIES, ABOUT DARK
I MOVED BACK ON THE BALTIMORE PIKE WITH MY TWO REMAINING BATTERIES TO THE CAMP
OCCUPIED BY ME THE NIGHT PREVIOUS, AND WAS JOINED BY CAPTAIN DANIELS ON THE
4TH.
I REMAINED HERE UNTIL 10 O'CLOCK ON THE 5TH, WHEN I MARCHED, AND ARRIVED AT
CREAGERSTOWN AT 10 O'CLOCK THE SAME EVENING. MARCHED FROM CREAGERSTOWN AT 9 A.
M. THE 7TH, AND ARRIVED AT MIDDLETOWN, VIA FREDERICK CITY, AT 10 P. M. ON
THE 9TH, I MOVED FORWARD TO BOONSBOROUGH, WHERE TWO MORE OF MY BATTERY WERE
DETACHED-CAPTAIN MARTIN'S (SIXTH INDEPENDENT NEW YORK) BATTERY TO GENERAL
GREGG, SECOND DIVISION, CAVALRY CORPS, AND LIEUTENANT HEATON'S BATTERY (B
AND L, SECOND U. S. ARTILLERY) TO GENERAL BUFORD, FIRST DIVISION, CAVALRY
CORPS. THESE TWO BATTERIES HAVE BEEN ON DUTY WITH THESE DIVISION SINCE THAT
TIME, AND MAKE THEIR REPORTS TO THESE HEADQUARTERS. HAVING BUT ONE BATTERY
REMAINING WITH ME, BY DIRECTION OF GENERAL PLEASONTON I REPORTED TO GENERAL
TYLER TO ASSIST HIM WITH THE ARTILLERY RESERVE SHOULD IT BE CALLED INTO ACTION,
AND REMAINED WITH IT UNTIL OUR ARRIVAL AT BERLIN ON JULY 15, WITHOUT ANYTHING
HAPPENING WORTHY OF NOTE. ON THE 16TH, LIEUTENANT WILLISTON, COMMANDING
BATTERY D, SECOND U. S. ARTILLERY, AND LIEUTENANT KING, COMMANDING BATTERY
A, FOURTH U. S. ARTILLERY, EACH WITH FOUR LIGHT 12-POUNDER GUNS, WERE
ASSIGNED TO MY BRIGADE, AND ORDERED TO BE EQUIPPED AS HORSE ARTILLERY. HORSES
WERE PROCURED AT BERLIN ON JULY 19, BUT EQUIPMENTS COULD NOT BE OBTAINED AT
THAT PLACE. WITH THE THREE BATTERIES, WILLISTON'S KING'S AND DANIELS', I
MARCHED FROM BERLIN AT 6 P. M. JULY 19, AND ARRIVED AND ENCAMPED NEAR
WARRENTON, VA. , ON THE 25TH, WITHOUT ANYTHING TRANSPIRING WORTHY OF NOTE.
ON THE 30TH, THE LAST OF THE EQUIPMENTS WERE RECEIVED FOR THE TWO LIGHT
12-POUNDER BATTERIES, AND ON THE 31ST THEY WERE COMPLETED AND READY FOR ACTIVE
FIELD SERVICE. GREAT CREDIT IS DUE TO FIRST Lieutenant J. H. BELL, OF THE
SIXTH NEW YORK CAVALRY (THE ONLY OFFICER ON MY STAFF), FOR THE EFFICIENT
MANNER IN WHICH HE HAS PERFORMED THE DUTIES OF ACTING ASSISTANT
ADJUTANT-GENERAL, ASSISTANT COMMISSARY OF SUBSISTENCE, AND ACTING ASSISTANT
QUARTERMASTER, NOT ONLY IN PROCURING HORSES AND SUPPLIES OF AL KINDS FOR THE
BATTERIES WHICH WERE HELD IN RESERVE, BUT ALSO FOR PROCURING AND FORWARDING
HORSES AND OTHER SUPPLIES TO THOSE ON DUTY WITH THE DIFFERENT CAVALRY
DIVISIONS.

VERY RESPECTFULLY, YOUR OBEDIENT SERVANT,
J. M. ROBERTSON,
CAPTAIN SECOND U. S. ARTILLERY, COMMANDING BRIGADE.

CIRCULAR. ] HDQRS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 8, 1863.

Attention is called to existing orders from these headquarters forbidding
batteries to be withdrawn from the field because of a want of ammunition. This
was done in several instances in the recent battle, and in one instance a
large quantity of ammunition was found upon the ground so abandoned. As
rapidly as ammunition is expended, caissons will be emptied by transfer to
other chests; and as soon as two caissons at most are emptied, they will be
sent to the trains for supplies. Wagon-loads can no longer be sent to
batteries. The privilege of thus sparing the labor of battery horses has been
abused to the injury of the service.

The practice of taking a number of rounds of shot, shell, and shrapnel from
the chests, and bringing them near the gun when in action, is positively
prohibited. Proper pointing gives ample time under all circumstances for
procuring ammunition, one round at a time, from the limber chests; the only
exception is in the case of canister at close range. Large quantities of
ammunition have been left upon the ground as a result of the bad practice
referred to. Commanders of batteries will be held responsible for compliance
with the foregoing instructions. In all clear cases of violation or neglect of
these orders, the battery commanders will be recommended for dismissal.

Immediately after each action, commandants of artillery will send direct to
the chief of artillery of the army a brief statement of losses, and
requirements to put their batteries in order. The report will be in the form
of a field return, and will note the losses of officers and men, horses, and
the number of guns, limbers, caissons, &c. , shot or damaged sufficiently
to require being replaced. It is impossible to make the necessary arrangements
to refit the artillery after an action without prompt information on these
subjects. The returns will be brief, and in addition to all returns and
reports required by corps commanders.
A copy of the foregoing will be furnished to every battery commander in this
army by corps commanders and Artillery Reserve.

By command of Major-General Meade:
S. WILLIAMS,
Assistant Adjutant-General.

HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, July 12, 1863-5 p.m.

Commanding Officer Artillery Reserve:
The commanding general directs me to say that, as all the army has now crossed
the Antietam, and is posted along the Sharpsburg and Hagerstown pike, a more
suitable position for the Reserve Artillery will be found in the vicinity of
Jones' Four Corners, the intersection of the Sharpsburg and Hagerstown pike
with the Boonsborough and Williamsport road. He directs, therefore, that you
examine that vicinity, and, after reaching a suitable point, move your
artillery to it after night.

Very respectfully, &c. ,
A. A. HUMPHREYS,
Major-General, and Chief of Staff.

Reports of Brig. Gen. Henry J. Hunt,
U.S. Army, Chief of Artillery, Army of the Potomac
ARTILLERY HEADQUARTERS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
September 27, 1863.

Brig. Gen. S. WILLIAMS
Assistant Adjutant-General, Army of the Potomac.

GENERAL:
I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the artillery in this army
in the battle of Gettysburg, July 1,2, and 3;

On July 1, Reynolds (First) and Howards (Eleventh) Corps and Bufords Division of Calvary,
the whole under the command of Major General John F. Reynolds, enguaged the enemy
on the west and northweat of the town of Gettysburg. On the west of Gettysburg, about
a third if a mile distant, there is a ridge running nearly north and south, parallel to the
Emmitsburg Pike. This ridge, on which the Seminary is situated, is crossed by the Cashtown
Pike about 100 to 150 yards north of the Seminary, and some 50 yards farther on it is
cut by a railroad. On the west of the Seminary is a grove of large trees, and the summit
of the ridge and the upper part of both its slopes are more or less covered with
open woods through its entire length. The ground slopes gradually to the west, and again
rising, and again forms a secon ridge, parallel to and about 500 yards distant from
the Seminary Ridge. This second ridge is wider and smoother than that upon which
the seminary stands, and terminates about 200 yards north of the point at which the
Cashtown road crosses it. Near this point, and to the south of it, are a house and barn
with some five or six acres of orchard and wooded grounds, the rest of the ridge being
cleared. It was in the skirmish near this house that General Reynolds fell, and over the
country covered by the ridge that the First Corps fought. To the north and east, beyond
where the Seminary Ridge terminates, the country is more flat, and this ground was
occupied by the Eleventh Corps, the front of which was in a nearly perpendicular position
to that of the First Corps, and faced the north.

About 10:15am Hall's Battery (Second Maine, six 3-inch) was ordered into action by
General Reynolds on the right of the Cashtown Road, on the second ridge, and some
500 yards beyond the seminary. The enemy had previously opend fire from a battery
of six guns at a distance of about 1,300 yards, and directly infront of his position, on
Reynolds troops, and Hall, on coming into action, replied with effect. In the course of
half an hour, a body of the enemy's infantry approached the right of Halls Battery under
cover of a ravine, and opend upon him at a distance of 60 to 80 yards, killing and wounding
a number of his men and horses. The right and center sections replied with canister,
while the left section continued its fire on the enemy's battery. The supports now
falling back, Captain Hall found it necessary to retire, which he did by sections.

Soon after, the Third Division (Rowley's), First Corps, occupied the open ground on
this ridge with Copper's Battery (B First Pennsylvania, four 3-inch), which took post
in an oat field, about 380 yards south of the Cashotown road.
The Second Division (Robertson's) occupied a road on the west slope of the Seminary
Ridge, north of the railroad, and the Eleventh Corps came into position on the flat
ground farther north, and in a position nearly perpendicular to that of the First Corps.
Colonel Wainwright, commanding the artillery of the First Corps, sent Stewart's Battery
(B, Fourth United States, six 12 pounders) to report to General Robertson, and orderd
Reynolds to move with his battery to support of Calef's Horse Battery (A, Second
United States, six 3-inch), which had been placed in position by General Wadsworth
on the spot just occupied by Hall's (Second Main, six 3-inch), and was sharply engaged
with the enemies battery in its front. Reynolds had hardly taken position when the enemy
opened a severe fire from a second battery immediately on his right. The cross fire of the
enemies two batteries caused both Calef's and Reynolds' to retire, Reynolds taking
up a new position at right angles to the ridge, with his left covered by the woods, near
the house and barn reffered to. At the request of General Wadsworth, Colonel Wainwright
posted Wilber's section of Reynolds Battery in the orchard on the south side of the Cashtown
road, where he was sheltered from the fire of the enemy's battery on his right flank by
the intervening house and barn, and moved the other two sections to the south side
of the wood, on the open crest.

In the meantime the Eleventh Corps had taken position. and Dilger's Battery (I, First
Ohio, six 12 ounders), attached to Schurz's Division, soon became engaged with one
of the enemy's batteries at 1,000 yards distance, which was soon re-enforced by
another. Dilger maintained his position untill re-enforced by Wheeler (Thirteenth New
York Independant, four 3-inch), sent to his assistance by Major Osborn, commanding
the artillery of the Corps, when a sharp contest ensued, the result of which was one
piece of Wheeler's dismounted and five of the enemy's, which Major Osborn states they left
on the ground. The enemy sufferd the most loss. Durring this action, Captain Dilger
several times changed the positions of his batteries with excellent effect, selecting his ground
with judgement.

About 11am Wilkeson's Battery (G, Fourth United States, four 12 pounders) came up,
and reported to General Barlow, who posted it close to the enemy's line of infantry, with
which it immediately became engaged, sustaining at the same time the fire of two of
his batteries. In the commencement of this unequal contest, Lieut. Bayard Wilkeson
(Fourth United States), commanding the Battery, a young officer of great gallantry, fell,
mortally wounded, and was carried from the field. Lieutenant bancroft succeded to the
command, and by changing position and disttributing his sections, in order to meet the
different movements of the enemy, succeeded in maintaining himself handsomely untill
the division fell back to the town, when he withdrew to Cemitary Hill.

About 4 pm. the troops were withdrawn to Cemitary Hill, and Schurz's Division, with
Heckman's (K, First Ohio, four 12 pounders) and Wiedrich's (I, First New York,
six 3-inch) Batteries, were posted as to cover the movement of the Corps, Weidrich's
being placed on the hill in front of the cemetary entrance. Heckman worked his guns well,
and held his ground until the enemy enterd his battery. He then retired with the loss
of one gain, the battery being so much crippled that it was sent to the rear, and was
not again called into action. Weidrich's Battery was actively engaged, and about 4:30pm
the enemy made an attempt to turn our right, but his line was very soon broken by
the fire of this battery, and the attempt failed.

The First Corps was withdrawn about the same time as the Eleventh. Colonel Wainwright,
commanding the Artillery of this Corps, understanding the order to hold Cemetery Hill to
apply to Seminary Hill, posted Cooper's Battery (B, First Pennsylvania) infront of the
professor's house. Captain Stevens (Fifth Maine) was soon after posted by General
Doubleday on Coopers right. Soon after, the enemy emerged in two strong columns
from the woods in front, about 500 yards distant, outflanked our line nearly a third of
a mile, then formed in two lines of battle, and advanced directly up the crest. Durring
this movement, Reynolds Battery (L, First New York) opened on the columns, but
the fire of his sections was much interfered with by the movements of our own infantry
in their front. Colonel Wainwright therefore moved these two sections, under Lieutenant
Breck, to a strong stone wall on the Seminary crest, near Stevens position. The
movement was not orders until the enemy, outnumbering our troops 5 to 1, were
within 200 yards of the battery. Lieutenant Wilber's section of the same battery soon
after fell back with his supports (L, First New York; Fifth Maine; Cooper's B, First
Pennsylvania) to the same position, thus concentrating sixteen guns. Stewart's Battery
(B, Fourth United States) was also on the same line, half of the Battery between the
Cashtown Pike and the railroad, the other half across the railroad in the corner of a wood.
The enemy's lines continued to advance across the space between the two crests,
but when the first line was within about 100 yards of the seminary, Lieutenant Davison
(Fourth United States) commanding the left half of Stewart's Battery, placed his
guns on the Cashtown Pike, so as to enflade the whole line. This movement, well
sustained by the other batteries, brought the first line to a hault, but the second,
supported by a column deployed from the Cashtown road, pushed on. An order
was now recieved by Captain Stevens from General Wadsworth, directing his Battery
to withdraw, but Colonel Wainwright, not knowing this, and still under the mistaken
impression to hold Seminary Hill, directed all the Batteries to maintain their positions.

In a few minutes however, all our infantry were seen rapidly retreating toward the town,
and the Batteries were all limbered to the rear, and moved off down the Cashtown Pike,
maintaining a walk until the infantry had left it. By this time our retreating columns were
lapped by the enemy's skermishers, who opened a severe fire from behind a fence
within 50 yards of the road. As soon as the road was clear, the batteries moved at a trot,
but it was to late to save all the material. Lieutenant Wilber's last piece(L, First New York)
had one of its wheel horses shot, and by the time this could be disenguaged, 3 others
were shot and Lieutenant Wibur's own horse killed. It was impossable to move the piece
off, and it was lost. No blame apparently can be attached to the officers of this or of
Heckman's Battery (K, First Ohio) for the loss of the two guns in the retiring of the two
Corps. It was the necessary result of the obstinate resistance made to the enemy,
so as to cover the withdrawl of their respective Corps. Three of the casson bodies of
Stewart's battery were broken down, 1 of his cassons exploded, 2 of his guns had
been disabled by the breaking of their pointing rings, and 3 of Hall's guns dismounted.

The loss of the Batteries of the First Corps in these operations were heavy; 83 officers
and men killed and wounded, including 6 officers wounded, and about 80 horses, a large
proportion of the latter between the Seminary Ridge and the town, the enemy having at
that time a fire upon them from both flanks and the rear, and no infantry replying. The
Battery's passed immediately through the town, and were placed with those of the Eleventh
Corps in position of Cemetary Hill, so as to command the town and the approaches from
the north west. The Battery's north of the Baltimore Pike infront of the Cemetary Gate,
under the command of Colonel Wainwright, chief of artillery, First Corps. were posted
as follows:

Stewart"s Battery (B, Fourth United States) across the road so as to command the
approaches from the town.

Weidrich's (I, First New York), Cooper's (B First Pennsylvania) and Reynolds (L, First
New York), in all thirteen 3-inch guns along the north front, some of them in such a
position that they could be turned to bear upon the town and the field of battle of the 1st.

Steven's Battery (Fifth Maine) was posted to the right at some 50 yards in front of this
line, on a knoll from whence they could obtain an oblique fire upon the hills in front of
our line, and a flanking fire at close quarters upon any attacking columns.

Each of the guns in these batteries had a small earthwork thrown up in its front, to afford
a partial shelter from the fire of the enemy's sharpshooters. Osborn's Batteries (Bancroft's
G, Fourth U.S; Dilger's, I, First Ohio; Wheeler's, Thirteenth New York) of the
Eleventh Corps with the exception of Weidrich's, transferred to Colonel Wainwright,
Heckman's, crippled and sent to the rear, and one gun of Wheeler's dismounted,
were placed in the cemitary grounds, to the north of the Baltimore Road.

On the night of July 1, the commanding general left Taneytown, and reached Gettysburg
about 2am of the 2d. Soon after his arrival, he directed me to see to the position of
the artillery, and make such arrangements respecting it as were necessary. I
examined the positions at Cemitary Hill, so far as the darkness would permit, and
then accompanied the general and major General Howard in an inspection of the west
front of the field, occupied by the Second and Third Corps. Cemetary Hill commanded
the positions which could be occupied by the enemy to the north and north west.
Toward the south the line occupied the crest of a gentile elevation, which, concealing
everything immediately behind it from the observation of the enemy, commanded
the ground to the west, which sloped down gradually for a few hundred yards, and then
rising, formed another crest, varying from half to three quarters of a mile distant. The summit
of this crest was wooded, and toward the south bent eastwardly and crossed the
Emmitsburg Road, forming a very favorable position for the enemy's artillery, and
affording concealment to his movements in that direction. About half or three quarters of
a mile south of the cemitary our own crest and the ground in front of it where broken
by groves of trees, and still farther on by rough and rocky ground. At a distance of
about 2 miles from Cemitary Hill, a high, rocky, and broken peak formed a natural
termination of our lines. The broken character of the ground in front of the southern
half of our line was unfavorable to the use of artillery. From the cemitary, as a center,
the right of our line extended toward the east, and lay on the north of the
Baltimore Pike. The ground is hilly, heavily wooded, and intersected with ravines and
small water course, very unfavorable to the use of artillery. The First and Eleventh Corps
were stationed on and near Cemetary Hill. The Second Corps stretched along the crest
on the left of the Cemetary Hill, with the Third Corps on its left. To the right of the cemetary
lay a portion of the First Corps, and beyond it the Twelfth.

At or near daylight, Major-General Slocum reported to the commanding general that there was
a gap between the left of his line and the right of the First Corps, which he feared would be
taken advantage of by the enemy, as he apprehended an immediate attack. The general commanding
then gave me directions to make the necessary arrangements to meet the emergency. I considered this,
in connection with the order previously given me, as a recognition, for the present, at least, of the
position I had held at Antietam and Fredericksburg, as commander of the artillery of the army, and
proceeded to make the necessary dispositions and to give all directions I considered necessary during
the rest of the battle. In order to cover the gap between the First and Second Corps, the batteries of
the Twelfth Corps (Muhlenberg's, F, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders; Kinzie's, K, Fifth United
States, four 12-pounders; Winegar's, M, First New York, four 10-pounders, and Knap's, E, Pennsylvania,
six 10-pounders) were placed so as to command the outlet from that interval toward the Baltimore pike,
and such of the batteries on Cemetery Hill as commanded the ground and its approaches from the side
of the enemy were also placed in position. The interval between the lines was too Broken and too
heavily wooded to permit the artillery to Be placed on the immediate line of battle. These positions were
held by the batteries until the infantry line was completed and well strengthened, when the artillery was
arranged for any attack the enemy could make.

The batteries at the cemetery, under command of Colonel Wainwright, remained as already described,
and Major Osborn, chief of artillery of the Eleventh Corps, was directed to take command on the south
of the road. I re-enforced him with half of Hall's battery (Second Maine, three 3-inch) from the First Corps,
the other hair being disabled, and five batteries (Eakin's, H, First United States, six 12-pounders; Taft's,
Fifth New York, six 20-pounders; Hill's, C, First West Virginia, four 10-pounders; Huntington's, H, First
Ohio, six 3-inch, and Edgell's, First New Hampshire, six 3-inch) from the Artillery Reserve, thus placing at
his disposal, including the three batteries (Bancroft's, G, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders; Dilger's, I,
First Ohio, six 12-pounders, and Wheeler's, Thirteenth New York, three 3-inch) of his own corps
remaining to him, six 20-pounder Parrotts, twenty-two light rifles, and eighteen light 12-pounders. These
were stationed as follows: On the right, resting next the Baltimore road and facing the Emmitsburg, Dilger;
on his left, Bancroft; then, in the order named, Eakin, Wheeler, Hill, and Hall. These eighteen light 12-pounders
and ten light rifles commanded the enemy's positions to the right of the town. In rear of Bancroft and
perpendicular to him were Taft's six 20-pounder Parrotts; on Taft's right and rear were Huntington's 3-inch
guns; these batteries facing the north. This arrangement, in connection with that of Wainwright, Brought all
the positions within range of the cemetery that the enemy could occupy with artillery under a commanding fire.
The batteries were all brought into requisition at different periods of the battle.

July 2, during the morning, several moving columns of the enemy, passing toward our right, were shelled,
and compelled to make detours, or seek the cover of ravines to make their movements.At about 3.30 p.m.
the enemy established a battery of ten guns (four 20-pounders and six 10-pounder Parrotts) in a wheat-field
to the north and a little to the east of the Cemetery Hill, and distant some 1,200 or 1,300 yards, and opened
a remarkably accurate fire upon our batteries. We soon gained a decided advantage over them, and at the
end of an hour or more compelled them to withdraw, drawing off two of their pieces by hand. Twenty-eight
horses were afterward found on the knoll. The enemy suffered severely, and, although we were successful,
we had cause to regret that our 4½-inch guns had been left at Westminster, as the position offered great
advantages for them.
The enemy endeavored to re-establish his Battery farther to his right, but as we could in this position bring a
larger number of guns to Bear than before, he was soon driven off. Cooper's battery (B, First Pennsylvania,
four 3-inch), which had suffered severely in this affair, was now relieved by Ricketts', from the Artillery Reserve.
In this cannonade, Lieut. C. P. Eakin, First U.S. Artillery, was badly wounded and carried off the field, and Lieut.
P. D. Mason, First U.S. Artillery, assumed command of the battery.

About the same hour, 3.30 p.m., as the enemy was seriously annoying the left of the Twelfth Corps, three guns
of Knap's battery, under command of Lieutenant Geary, and Van Reed's section of K, Fifth U.S. Artillery, were
placed in an eligible position, about 200 yards from the right of the First Corps. As soon as their presence (Knap's
Pennsylvania Battery, 10-pounders, and Kinzie's, K, Fifth U.S. Artillery, light 12-pounders) was noticed, the enemy
turned his battery (eight guns) upon them, but after a spirited contest of thirty minutes, in which he had a caisson blown
up, his guns were silenced. The conduct of both Lieutenants Geary and Van Reed is highly spoken of by their chiefs of artillery.

When the infantry of the Twelfth Corps crossed over to the support of the Third Corps, on the left of our line, these
guns were withdrawn and rejoined their batteries.
About sunset the enemy again opened from a knoll in front of the cemetery, distant about 1,800 yards, and this was
soon followed by a powerful infantry attack on the position by General Rodes' Louisiana [?] brigade. As their columns
moved out of the town, they came under the fire of Stevens' battery (Fifth Maine), at 800 yards distance. Wheeling into
line, they pushed up the hill. As their line became unmasked, all the guns that could be brought to bear upon them, some
twenty, were opened, first with shrapnel and then with canister, with excellent effect. The center and left were beaten back,
but their right worked their way up under cover of the houses, and pushed completely through Wiedrich's battery
(I, First New York, six 3-inch) into Ricketts' (F and G, First Pennsylvania, six 3-inch). The cannoneers of both batteries
stood well to their guns, and when no longer able to hold them, fought with handspikes, rammers, and even stones, joining
the infantry in driving them out, and capturing several prisoners. This attack of Rodes was mainly repelled by the artillery
alone. The loss of the enemy was reported to be large by their wounded in the affair, who afterward fell under the
care of our surgeons in Gettysburg.

About 12 m. a detachment of Berdan's Sharpshooters was sent into the woods near the
point where the enemy's crest opposite the left of our army cuts the Emmitsburg road,
and reported the enemy as moving in force toward our left flank.

About 2 p.m. General Sickles formed his corps in line to meet an attack from this
direction, his right resting on the Emmitsburg road, in a peach orchard, in advance of
the center of our left, and his line extending in a general direction toward Sugar Loaf
or Round Top, a peak which terminated our line on the left. At this time I reached the
ground, and found Captain Randolph, chief of artillery Third Corps, making arrangements
to station his battery on the right, those on the left having already been posted as follows:
Smith's battery (Fourth New York, six 10-pounders) on the extreme left and on a steep
and rocky eminence in advance of Sugar Loaf, and on his right Winslow's (D, First New
York, six 12-pounders), in a wheat-field, separated from Smith by a belt of woods. I
accompanied Captain Randolph, first sending to General Tyler, commanding the Artillery
Reserve, for two batteries, one of light 12-pounders and one of rifles, and assisted him in
posting the other batteries as follows: Clark's battery (B, First New Jersey, six 10-pounders)
on the line to the left of the peach orchard; Ames' (G, First New York, six 12-pounders),
from the Artillery Reserve, in the orchard, both facing the south, and perpendicular to the
Emmitsburg road: then along the Emmitsburg road and facing the west, Randolph's (E, First
Rhode Island, six 12-pounders), and Seeley's (K, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders)
batteries, Seeley's well to the right of Randolph's. While Ames and Clark were moving up,
the enemy opened a brisk fire upon them from a position near the Emmitsburg road and on
the opposite side of it.

By this time, about 3.30 p.m., Major McGilvery came up from the Artillery Reserve with
three batteries--Bigelow's (Ninth Massachusetts, four 12-pounders); Phillips' (Fifth
Massachusetts, six 3-inch), and Hart's (Fifteenth New York, four 12-pounders)--which
I ordered into position on the left of Clark's. As I saw that more batteries of the enemy
were getting into position on the south of the Emmitsburg road and forming opposite to
this line, I sent to the reserve for more rifled guns, and then, as Smith (Fourth New York,
six 10-pounders) had not opened, I went to his battery to ascertain the cause. When I
arrived, he had succeeded in getting his guns into position, and just opened fire. As his
position commanded that of the enemy and enfiladed their line, his fire was very effective,
and with that of Ames (G, First New York, six 12-pounders) and Clark (B, First New
Jersey, six 10-pounders) in front, soon silenced that battery. In the meantime the enemy
had established his new batteries to the north of the road, and Smith turned his guns upon
them. I now moved along the line and examined the condition of the different batteries.
Winslow (D, First New York, six 12-pounders) had not yet been attacked, his position f
acing a wood at short range that the enemy had not yet occupied. Bigelow, Phillips, and
Hart were hotly engaged, and the battle soon raged along the lines.

In the meantime the additional batteries ordered from the reserve--Thompson's (C and
F, Pennsylvania, six 3-inch) and Sterling's (Second Connecticut, four James and two
howitzers), and Ransom's brigade, consisting of Thomas' (C, Fourth United States,
six 12-pounders), Weir's (C, Fifth United States, six 12-pounders), and Turnbull's
(F and K, Third United States, six 12-pounders) batteries --were brought up by General
Tyler in person. Ransom's brigade was formed on the crest, above general headquarters,
and soon after Turnbull's, Weir's, and Thomas' batteries were ordered forward to join
Humphreys' division, taking position on the right of Seeley.
Some time after, two batteries of the Fifth Corps--Watson's (I, Fifth United States,
four 3-inch) and Walcott's (C, Massachusetts Artillery, six 12-pounders)--were brought
upon the ground by some staff officer of General Sickles; but for this there seemed to be
no necessity, abundant provision having been made to supply all needs from the Artillery
Reserve. The effect was to deprive the Fifth Corps of its batteries, without the knowledge
and to the inconvenience of the commander of the corps. The batteries were exposed to
heavy front and enfilading fires, and suffered terribly, but as rapidly as any were disabled
they were retired and replaced by others. Watson (I, Fifth United States, four 3-inch)
relieved Ames' battery (G, First New York, six 12-pounders); Thompson's (Pennsylvania,
six 3-inch) took position near it, relieving Hart (Fifteenth New York, four 12-pounders).
Turnbull's (F and K, Third United States, six 12-pounders) was posted near the
Emmitsburg road. The officers and men performed their duties with great gallantry
and success, notwithstanding the unfavorable nature of the ground, which gave the
enemy all the advantages of position, driving off several of the enemy's batteries,
silencing others, and doing good execution on his infantry, until about 5.30 or 6 p.m.,
when the line was forced back, and the batteries were compelled to withdraw.

So great had been the loss in men and horses, that many of the carriages had to be
withdrawn by hand and others left on the field, which, with the exception of four, were
afterward brought off. Three of these belonged to Smith's battery (Fourth New York,
six 10-pounders), on our extreme left. The guns were stationed on the brow of a very
precipitous and rocky height, beyond a ravine in front of our line. The difficulty of getting
these guns up the height had caused the delay in Smith's opening his fire. He fought them to
the last moment in hopes of keeping the enemy off, and in the belief that the ground would
be in our possession again before the guns could be carried off by the enemy. He got off one
of the four guns he had placed on the height, but was compelled to abandon the other three. T
he fourth of the guns lost belonged to Thompson's battery, the horses being all killed, the men
engaged in hauling off the other pieces by hand, and his infantry supports having left him. In
withdrawing, many acts of gallantry were performed, the enemy in several instances being
driven out from the batteries by the cannoneers and such assistance as they could procure
from the infantry near them. The line reformed on the crest, which constituted our original
line, and repulsed all further attacks.

The batteries of the Second Corps were posted on the morning of the 2d by its chief of
artillery, Captain Hazard, First Rhode Island Artillery, as follows, from left; to right,
connecting with the batteries of the Third Corps on the left, and those on- Cemetery Hill
on the right: Rorty's (B, First New York, four 10-pounders), Brown's (B, First Rhode I
sland, six 12-pounders), Cushing's (A, Fourth United States, six 3-inch), Arnold's (A, First
Rhode Island, six 3-inch), and Woodruff's (I, First United States, six 12-pounders). The
enemy opened upon them several times during the morning, but were always silenced by
their concentrated fire.

When the Third Corps fell back, about 6 p.m., their batteries opened a vigorous fire,
and the two left batteries (Rorty's and Brown's) conformed their movements to those
of the infantry. When the crest of the hill occupied by our lines was reached, it gave the
batteries a commanding position; a rapid fire was opened, and the enemy gradually
driven back. Brown's battery suffered so severely in men and horses that it became
necessary to send two guns to the rear.

The artillery of the Fifth Corps arrived on the field between 4 and 5 p.m. Hazlett's
(D, Fifth United States, six 10-pounders), Walcott's (C, Massachusetts Artillery,
six 12-pounders), and Watson's (I, Fifth United States, four 3-inch) batteries,
with the First Division of the corps; Gibbs' (L, First Ohio, six 12-pounders), and
Barnes' (C, First New York, four 3-inch), with Second Division. I have already
stated that Watson's and Walcott's were taken from their positions by order of
Major-General Sickles, and noted their services. Walcott's was not engaged,
but was under fire; 6 men wounded, and 6 horses killed and wounded.

About 4.30 p.m. Hazlett's battery was moved to the extreme left, placed in position
on Round Top, and immediately opened upon that portion of the enemy's force
which attacked the First Division, and continued it until night with marked effect,
as its fire enfiladed the enemy's line. Guthrie's section of Gibbs' battery was posted
on the same hill on the right of Hazlett, and Walworth's section at the base of the hill,
commanding the ravine in front of Round Top, the remaining section being held in
reserve. These sections did excellent service, especially Guthrie's. On this afternoon,
Lieut. Charles E. Hazlett, Fifth U.S. Artillery, a young officer, who had gained an
enviable reputation for gallantry, skill, and devotion to his country and the service,
received a mortal wound, and died the same evening.

For more detailed reports of the services of the artillery in the action on our left,
I respectfully refer to the reports of General Tyler, commanding Artillery Reserve,
and to the reports of the chiefs of artillery of the Second, Third, and Fifth Corps,
transmitted herewith. It will be perceived that the batteries suffered severely in
officers, men, and horses, losing a large proportionate number of officers--3 killed (
Lieut. Charles E. Hazlett, Fifth Artillery, commanding Battery B; Lieut. M. Livingston,
Third Artillery, commanding Turn-bull's battery; Lieut. C. Erickson, Bigelow's battery);
and 12 wounded (Capt. D. R. Ransom, Third Artillery, commanding Regular Brigade,
Artillery Reserve; Capt. J. Thompson, C, Pennsylvania Artillery; Capt. N. Irish, D.
Pennsylvania Artillery; Capt. Patrick Hart, Fifteenth New York Battery; Lieut. T. F.
Brown, Hazard's battery; Lieut. Samuel Canby, Fourth Artillery, Cushing's battery;
Lieut. J. K. Bucklyn, First Rhode Island, Randolph's battery; Lieut. F. W. Seeley, Fourth
U. S. Artillery, commanding Battery K; Lieut. M. F. Watson, Fifth U.S. Artillery, commanding
Battery I; Lieut. J. L. Miller, Thompson's battery, mortally; Lieut. E. M. Knox, Fifteenth
New York Battery; Lieut. E. Spence, Ricketts' battery).

The night of the 2d was devoted in great part to repairing damages, replenishing the
ammunition chests, and reducing and reorganizing such batteries as had lost so many
men and horses as to be unable efficiently to work the full number of guns.

By daylight next morning this duty had been performed so far as possible, and, when it
was found impossible to reorganize in time, the batteries were withdrawn, replaced
by others from the Artillery Reserve, and finished their work during the next morning.

On the evening of July 2, a portion of Slocum's corps (the Second) [Twelfth], which
formed the right of our line, was sent to re-enforce the left. During its absence, the enemy t
ook possession of a portion of the line in the woods, and it was resolved to drive him out
at daylight. Knap's battery (E, Pennsylvania, six 10-pounders) was placed on the hill
known as Slocum's headquarters, and near the Baltimore pike, and Winegar's battery
(M, First New York, four 10-pounders) at a short distance east of it. These batteries
overlooked and commanded the ground vacated by the corps.

At 1 a.m. of the 3d, Muhlenberg's (F, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders) and K
inzie's (K, Fifth United States, four 12-pounders) batteries were posted opposite the
center of the line of the Twelfth Corps, so as to command the ravine formed by Rock Creek.

At 4.30 a.m. these batteries opened, and fired without intermission for fifteen minutes
into the wood, at a range of from 600 to 800 yards. Soon after daylight, Rigby's battery
(A, Maryland, six 3-inch) was also placed on the hill, and at 5.30 a.m. all the batteries
opened, and continued firing at intervals until 10 a.m., when the infantry succeeded in
driving out the enemy and reoccupied their position of the day before. In this work the
artillery tendered good service.

At our center, on and near Cemetery Hill, the batteries were in position very nearly
the same as on the previous day. Those outside of the cemetery gate and north of the
Baltimore pike, under the command of Colonel Wainwright, First New York Artillery,
were, from right to left: Stevens' (Fifth Maine, six 12-pounders), Reynolds' (L, First
New York, four 3-inch), Ricketts' (F, First Pennsylvania, six 3-inch)--which had relieved
Cooper's (B, First Pennsylvania, four 3-inch) the night before--Wiedrich's (I, First New
York, four 3-inch), and Stewart's (B, Fourth United States, four 12-pounders). The
batteries south of the pike, and under command of Major Osborn, First New York
Artillery, were: Dilger's (I, First Ohio six 12-pounders), Bancroft's (G, Fourth United
States, six 12-pounders), Eakin's (H, First United States, six 12-pounders), Wheeler's (
Thirteenth New York, three 3-inch), Hill's (C, First West Virginia, four 10-pounders),
and Taft's (Fifth New York, six 20-pounders).

On the left of the cemetery the batteries of the Second Corps were in line on the
crest occupied by their corps in the following order, from right to left: Woodruff's
(I, First United States, six 12-pounders), Arnold's (A, First Rhode Island, six 3-inch),
Cushing's (A, Fourth United States, six 3-inch), Brown's (B, First Rhode Island, four
12-pounders), and Rorty's (B, First New York, four 10-pounders), all under
command of Captain Hazard, chief of artillery.

Next on the left of the artillery of the Second Corps were stationed Thomas' battery
(C, Fourth United States, six 12-pounders), and on his left Major McGilvery's command,
consisting of Thompson's (C and F, Pennsylvania, five 3-inch), Phillips' (Fifth Massachusetts,
six 3-inch), Harts (Fifteenth New York, four 12-pounders), Sterling's (Second Connecticut,
four James and two howitzers), Rank's section (two 3-inch), Dow's (Sixth Maine,
four 12-pounders), and Ames' (G, First New York, six 12-pounders), all of the Artillery
Reserve, to which was added, soon after the cannonade commenced, Cooper s battery
(B, First Pennsylvania, four 3-inch), of the First Corps.

On our extreme left, occupying the position of the day before, were Gibbs' (L, First Ohio,
six 12-pounders) and Rittenhouse's (late Hazlett's, D, Fifth United States, six 10-pounders)
batteries. Gibbs' was, however, too distant from the enemy's position for 12-pounders,
and was not used during the day, although under fire. Rittenhouse was in an excellent
position for the service of his rifled guns, on the top of Round Top. We had thus on
the western crest line seventy-five guns, which could be aided by a few of those on
Cemetery Hill. There was but little firing during the morning.

At 10 a.m. I made an inspection of the whole line, ascertaining that all the batteries
only those of our right serving with the Twelfth Corps being engaged at the time--were
in good condition and well supplied with ammunition. As the enemy was evidently
increasing his artillery force in front of our left, I gave instructions to the batteries and to
the chiefs of artillery not to fire at small bodies, nor to allow their fire to be drawn
without promise of adequate results; to watch the enemy closely, and when he opened
to concentrate the fire of their guns on one battery at a time until it was silenced; under
all circumstances to fire deliberately, and to husband their ammunition as much as possible.

I had just finished my inspection, and was with Lieutenant Rittenhouse on the top
of Round Top, when the enemy opened, at about 1 p.m., along his whole right, a
furious cannonade on the left of our line. I estimated the number of his guns bearing
on our west front at from one hundred to one hundred and twenty. I have since
seen it stated by the enemy's correspondents that there were sixty guns from
Longstreet's, and fifty-five from Hill's corps, making one hundred and fifteen in all.
To oppose these we could not, from our restricted position, bring more than eighty
to reply effectively. Our fire was well withheld until the first burst was over,
excepting from the extreme right and left of our positions. It was then opened
deliberately and with excellent effect. As soon as the nature of the enemy's attack
was made clear, and I could form an opinion as to the number of his guns, for
which my position afforded great facility, I went to the park of the Artillery Reserve,
and ordered all the batteries to be ready to move at a moment's notice, and hastened
to report to the commanding general, but found he had left his headquarters. I then
'proceeded along the line, to observe the effects of the cannonade and to replace such
batteries as should become disabled.

About 2.30 p.m., finding our ammunition running low and that it was very unsafe to
bring up loads of it, a number of caissons and limbers having been exploded, I
directed that the fire should be gradually stopped, which was done, and the enemy
soon slackened his fire also. I then sent orders for such batteries as were necessary
to replace exhausted ones, and all that were disposable were sent me.

About 3 p.m., and soon after the enemy's fire had ceased, he formed a column
of attack in the edge of the woods in front of the Second Corps. At this time Fitzhugh's
(.K, First New York, six 3-inch), Parsons' (A, First New Jersey, six 10-pounders),
Weir's (C, Fifth United States, six 12-pounders), and Cowan's (First New York
Independent, six 3-inch) batteries reached this point, and were put in position in front
of the advancing enemy. I rode down to McGilvery's batteries, and directed them to
take the enemy in flank as they approached. The enemy advanced magnificently,
unshaken by the shot and shell which tore through his ranks from his front and from
our left. The batteries of the Second Corps on our right, having nearly exhausted their
supply of ammunition, except canister, were compelled to withhold their fire until the
enemy, who approached in three lines, came within its range. When our canister fire
and musketry were opened upon them, it occasioned disorder, but still they advanced
gallantly until they reached the stone wall behind which our troops lay. Here ensued a
desperate conflict, the enemy succeeding in passing the wall and entering our lines,
causing great destruction of life, especially among the batteries. Infantry troops were,
however, advanced from our right; the rear line of the enemy broke, and the others,
who had fought with a gallantry that excited the admiration of our troops, found themselves
cut off and compelled to surrender. As soon as their fate was evident, the enemy opened
his batteries upon the masses of our troops at this point without regard to the presence
of his own. Toward the close of this struggle, Rorty's (B, First New York, four 10-pounders),
Arnold s (A, First Rhode Island, six 3-inch), and Cushing's (A, Fourth United States, six 3-inch)
batteries, which had lost heavily in men and horses, were withdrawn, and as soon as the affair
was over their places were filled with fresh ones.

Soon the necessary measures had been taken to restore this portion of the line to an
efficient condition. It required but a few minutes, as the batteries, as fast as withdrawn
from any point, were sent to the Artillery Reserve, replenished with ammunition, reorganized,
returned to the rear of the lines, and there awaited assignment. I then went to the left, to see
that proper measures had been taken there for the same object. On my way, I saw that
the enemy was forming a second column of attack to his right of the point where the first
was formed, and in front of the position of the First Corps (Newton's). I gave instructions
to the artillery, under command of Major McGilvery, to be ready to meet the first movements
of the enemy in front, and, returning to the position of the Second Corps, directed the batteries
there, mostly belonging to the Artillery Reserve, to take the enemy in flank as he advanced.
When the enemy moved, these orders were well executed, and before he reached our
line he was brought to a stand. The appearance of a body of our infantry moving down in
front of our lines from the direction of the Second Corps caused the enemy to move off
by his right flank, under cover of the woods and undergrowth, and, a few minutes after, the
column had broken up, and in the utmost confusion the men of which it was composed fled
across the ground over which they had just before advanced, and took refuge behind their
batteries. The attacks on the part of the enemy were not well managed. Their artillery fire
was too much dispersed, and failed to produce the intended effect. It was, however, so
severe and so well sustained that it put to the test, and fully proved, the discipline and
excellence of our troops. The two assaults, had they been simultaneous, would have divided
our artillery fire. As it was, each attack was met by a heavy front and flank fire of our artillery,
the batteries which met the enemy directly in front in one assault taking him in flank in the other.

The losses of the artillery on this day, and especially in the assault on the Second Corps,
were very large. The loss in officers was 3 killed, 2 mortally and 9 severely wounded.
Killed: Capt. J. M. Rorty, B, First New York; Lieut. A. H. Cushing, Fourth United
States; Lieut. G. A. Woodruff, First United States (mortally wounded); Lieut. J. S. Milne,
First Rhode Island; Lieut. A. H. Whitaker, Ninth Massachusetts (wounded severely);
Capt. J. Bigelow, Ninth Massachusetts; Lieut. A. S. Sheldon, B, First New York; Lieut.
H. H. Baldwin, Fifth United States; Lieut.. J. McGilvray, Fourth United States; Lieut. R. C.
Hazlett, Fourth Pennsylvania Battery; Lieut. J. Stephenson, Fourth Pennsylvania Battery;
Lieut. H. D. Scott, Battery E, Massachusetts; Lieut. W. P. Wright, First New York Battery;
Lieut. W. H. Johnson, First New York Battery. Captain Rorty, who had taken command
of his battery but three days before, fell, fighting, at his guns. Lieutenants Cushing and
Woodruff belonged to a class of young officers who, although of the lowest commissioned
rank, have gained distinguished army reputation. The destruction of materiel was large.
The enemy's cannonade, in which he must have almost exhausted his ammunition, was
well sustained, and cost us a great many horses and the explosion of an unusually large
number of caissons and limbers. The whole slope behind our crest, although concealed
from the enemy, was swept by his shot, and offered no protection to horses or carriages.
The enemy's superiority in the number of guns was fully matched by the superior accuracy
of ours, and a personal inspection of the line he occupied, made on the 5th, enables me to
state with certainty that his losses in materiel in this artillery combat were equal to ours, while
the marks of the shot in the trees on both crests bear conclusive evidence of the superiority
of our practice.

This struggle closed the battle, and the night of the 3d, like the previous one, was
devoted to repairs and reorganization. A large number of batteries had been so reduced
in men and horses that many guns and carriages, after completing the outfit of those
which remained with the army, were sent to the rear and turned in to the ordnance department.

Our losses in the three days' operations, as reported, were as follows:
Casualties, July 1, 2, and 3.

Organizations.... Number of Guns..... Officers Killed.... Men Killed ....Officers Wounded ....Men Wounded ....Missing Horses
In the corps............ 212.............................. 5................... 57.... ...................18......................... 361.....